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Keywords = Pyrops candelaria

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15 pages, 7545 KB  
Article
Host Plants for the Lanternfly Saiva formosana Kato, 1929 (Hemiptera, Fulgoridae) Endemic to Taiwan, and Parasitism of Its Eggs by Wasps
by Meng-Hao Hsu, Meng-Ling Wu and Liang-Jong Wang
Insects 2024, 15(11), 841; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15110841 - 26 Oct 2024
Viewed by 2499
Abstract
Since Saiva formosana Kato, 1929 was first reported as a new species in Taiwan; there have been few published reports on its ecology, and fundamental knowledge of this species is still lacking. The objectives of this study are to (1) determine the preferred [...] Read more.
Since Saiva formosana Kato, 1929 was first reported as a new species in Taiwan; there have been few published reports on its ecology, and fundamental knowledge of this species is still lacking. The objectives of this study are to (1) determine the preferred plants of adults, egg-laying, and nymphs, (2) analyze the change in host plants with time and development, and (3) explore the relationship between the survival of eggs and parasitism by their wasps. We detected the adults of this species between May and September 2023, and again in April 2024, mainly on Elaeocarpus decipiens F. B. Forbes & Hemsl. During our investigation, we frequently observed parasitic wasps ovipositing on the egg masses. We established that most egg masses produced only Saiva nymphs or Anastatus adults. This lanternfly might better survive parasitic pressure by laying lower numbers of eggs per mass across a broader range of plant species. The first batch of hatching nymphs was found on Magnolia compresssa Maxim. on 20 June 2023; however, most nymphs in the second and third instars were detected on Ficus fistulosa Reinw. ex Blume, between August and October 2023. After the autumn, the occurrences of nymphs increased on Heptapleurum heptaphyllum (L.) Y. F. Deng which probably served as a shelter for overwintering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Insect Ecology, Diversity and Conservation)
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14 pages, 1251 KB  
Article
Screening and Characterization of a New Iflavirus Virus in the Fruit Tree Pest Pyrops candelaria
by Hong Lin, Weitao Song, Dongmei Ma, Chi Yang, Yanfang Yao, Renyi Liu, Ling Hao, Dandan Wu, Shihua Wang, Jimou Jiang, Jun Xiong, Rui Ma, Jiajing Xiao and Zhenhong Zhuang
Insects 2024, 15(8), 625; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15080625 - 19 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2332
Abstract
Pyrops candelaria is one of the common pests of fruit trees, but the research on the pathogenic microorganisms it may carry is very limited. Therefore, it is essential to reveal the pathogenic microbes it carries and their potential hazards. This study found a [...] Read more.
Pyrops candelaria is one of the common pests of fruit trees, but the research on the pathogenic microorganisms it may carry is very limited. Therefore, it is essential to reveal the pathogenic microbes it carries and their potential hazards. This study found a new virus from the transcriptome of P. candelaria, which was first reported in P. candelaria and named PyCaV (Pyrops candelaria associated virus). RACE and bioinformatics assay revealed that the full length of PyCaV is 10,855 bp with the polyA tail, containing a single open-reading frame (ORF) encoding a polyprotein consisting of 3171 amino acid (aa). The virus has a typical iflavirus structure, including two rhv domains, an RNA helicase domain (HEL), a 3C cysteine protease domain (Pro), and an RNA–dependent RNA polymerase domain (RdRp). Further phylogenetic analysis revealed that this virus belongs to family Iflaviridae and sequence alignments analysis suggested PyCaV is a new member in an unassigned genus of family Iflaviridae. Further in-depth analysis of the virus infection showed that PyCaV is distributed throughout the whole P. candelaria, including its head, chest, and abdomen, but more PyCaV was identified in the chest. The distribution of PyCaV in different parts of P. candelaria was further explored, which showed that more PyCaV was detected in its piercing–sucking mouthparts and chest viscera. Statistical analysis showed that the PyCaV infection was affected by time and location. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Insect Behavior and Pathology)
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11 pages, 16099 KB  
Article
Shift of Host Range for the Immature Stages of the Lanternfly, Pyrops watanabei (Matsumura) (Hemiptera, Fulgoridae) Native to Taiwan
by Meng-Hao Hsu, Yueh-Lin Yang, Meng-Ling Wu and Liang-Jong Wang
Insects 2022, 13(9), 826; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13090826 - 12 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2629
Abstract
Although Pyrops watanabei is a species native to Taiwan, many fundamental aspects of the species are still poorly documented. Populations of the lanternfly in locations of northern Taiwan were found in abundance and were suitable for the conduction of an investigation from 1 [...] Read more.
Although Pyrops watanabei is a species native to Taiwan, many fundamental aspects of the species are still poorly documented. Populations of the lanternfly in locations of northern Taiwan were found in abundance and were suitable for the conduction of an investigation from 1 July 2021 to 30 June 2022. We established the shift in the main host plants with different developmental stages. The occurrence of immature individuals on Heptapleurum heptaphyllum increased with age from eggs to nymphs in the third instar; however, it declined from the fourth instar onwards due to a shift in preference to Triadica sebifera. In 2021, the earliest detection of an egg mass was on 1 July. More eggs were recorded in August, and some could be found in September and October of the same year. In 2022, we found an egg mass on 28 June. In August 2021, nymphs in the first and second instars were detected. Then, nymphs in the third and fourth instars appeared after September and October 2021, respectively. Furthermore, nymphs in the fifth instar were sighted as late as March 2022. Finally, this study will provide a basis for further evaluation of the impact of invasion of Pyrops candelaria on the ecology of Pyrops watanabei. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Insect Ecology, Diversity and Conservation)
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9 pages, 1969 KB  
Brief Report
Host Plants of the Immature Stages of the Invasive Longan Lanternfly, Pyrops candelaria (L.) (Hemiptera, Fulgoridae) in Taiwan
by Meng-Hao Hsu, Yueh-Lin Yang, Meng-Ling Wu and Liang-Jong Wang
Insects 2021, 12(11), 1022; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12111022 - 12 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3711
Abstract
The longan lanternfly, Pyrops candelaria (L.), has been invading mainland Taiwan since 2018, but the distribution of the species has been confined to northern Taiwan until now. The manual removal of the adult insects from the longan is still the main control strategy [...] Read more.
The longan lanternfly, Pyrops candelaria (L.), has been invading mainland Taiwan since 2018, but the distribution of the species has been confined to northern Taiwan until now. The manual removal of the adult insects from the longan is still the main control strategy because of the uncertainty around other key host plants, especially for eggs and nymphs. In this study, large numbers of eggs and nymphs were found on Triadica sebifera (L.) Small and Acacia confusa Merr. The occurrence of immature individuals on Triadica sebifera increased with developmental stage from eggs to the last instar from May to July 2021. On 30 April, the first egg mass was recorded. More egg masses were recorded in May, and some could be found in July. In May, only two younger instars were detected. Third and fourth instars began to appear from June, while the fifth instar was mainly recorded from July onwards. The results of this study provide great strategic value for decision-makers to allow for effective control of the target tree species. For now, we proved that longan and pomelo trees, preferred by adults, are not the key hosts for the immature stages of this insect, because few immature individuals were found on them. Therefore, we suggest that the existence of Triadica sebifera should be considered when analyzing possible spreading areas of this invasive lanternfly in Taiwan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Insect Ecology, Diversity and Conservation)
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13 pages, 4361 KB  
Article
Origin and Potential Expansion of the Invasive Longan Lanternfly, Pyrops candelaria (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) in Taiwan
by You-Sheng Lin, Jhih-Rong Liao, Shiuh-Feng Shiao and Chiun-Cheng Ko
Biology 2021, 10(7), 678; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10070678 - 17 Jul 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 8104
Abstract
The longan lanternfly Pyrops candelaria is a new invasive species on the main island of Taiwan. The introduction of an invasive species may negatively influence the native fauna, flora and environment. Thus, this study aimed to infer the invasion history, predict habitat suitability [...] Read more.
The longan lanternfly Pyrops candelaria is a new invasive species on the main island of Taiwan. The introduction of an invasive species may negatively influence the native fauna, flora and environment. Thus, this study aimed to infer the invasion history, predict habitat suitability and potential expansion and assess the risk to crop cultivation areas in Taiwan. Genetic structures of P. candelaria from the main island of Taiwan and related regions were analyzed based on partial COI and ND2 sequences. Additionally, machine learning MaxEnt was utilized to study habitat suitability. The results suggested that the Taiwanese populations may originate from the Kinmen Islands and the plain areas of Taiwan are considered to have high habitat suitability. Furthermore, most of the cultivation areas of longan and pomelo crops showed high habitat suitability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Conservation Biology and Biodiversity)
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