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Search Results (7)

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Keywords = P/M Ni-based superalloy

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45 pages, 40831 KB  
Review
Microstructure and Fatigue Behavior of PM-HIPed Ni-Based Superalloys and Martensitic Tool Steels: A Review
by Faezeh Javadzadeh Kalahroudi, Fengxiang Lin, Pavel Krakhmalev and Mikael Grehk
Metals 2024, 14(10), 1159; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14101159 - 11 Oct 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4906
Abstract
Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is a near-net shape powder metallurgy (PM) technique, which has emerged as an efficient technique, offering precise control over the microstructure and properties of materials, particularly in high-performance alloys. This technology finds applications across a wide range of industries, [...] Read more.
Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is a near-net shape powder metallurgy (PM) technique, which has emerged as an efficient technique, offering precise control over the microstructure and properties of materials, particularly in high-performance alloys. This technology finds applications across a wide range of industries, such as aerospace, automotive, marine, oil and gas, medical, and tooling. This paper provides an overview of powder metallurgy and hot isostatic pressing, covering their principles, process parameters, and applications. Additionally, it conducts an analysis of PM-HIPed alloys, focusing on their microstructure and fatigue behavior to illustrate their potential in diverse engineering applications. Specifically, this paper focuses on nickel-based superalloys and martensitic tool steels. The diverse microstructural characteristics of these alloys provide valuable insights into the PM-HIP-induced fatigue defects and properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Powder Metallurgy of Metallic Materials)
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14 pages, 5680 KB  
Article
Study of Fatigue Crack Initiation and the Propagation Mechanism Induced by Pores in a Powder Metallurgy Nickel-Based FGH96 Superalloy
by Shuang Yi, Shichao Zhang, Denghui Wang, Jianxing Mao, Zheng Zhang and Dianyin Hu
Materials 2024, 17(6), 1356; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061356 - 15 Mar 2024
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2064
Abstract
Thermally induced pores (TIPs) are generally the source of fatigue crack initiation in the powder metallurgy (PM) Ni-based FGH96 superalloy. The effect of TIPs on fatigue crack initiation on the surface of the FGH96 superalloy was detected using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The [...] Read more.
Thermally induced pores (TIPs) are generally the source of fatigue crack initiation in the powder metallurgy (PM) Ni-based FGH96 superalloy. The effect of TIPs on fatigue crack initiation on the surface of the FGH96 superalloy was detected using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cause of fatigue crack deflection was studied using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The results indicated that there are two states of TIPs including isolated TIPs and clustered TIPs located at the grain boundary. The investigation of crack initiation and propagation around TIPs was conducted in detail through the comprehensive integration of experimental findings and computational results. For cracks initiated by isolated TIPs, the maximum equivalent size and the ratio of the vertical–parallel axis to the loading direction of the TIPs reveal a linear relationship, and both of them determine crack initiation. Regarding clustered TIPs, the constituent pores of the clustered TIPs will compete to initiate cracks based on the experimental results, and the largest pore will be more likely to initiate cracking. Moreover, the results showed that fatigue crack propagation can be hindered by hard-orientation grains and twins with a low Schmid factor (SF). Large-angle crack deflection due to twins with a low SF can significantly increase crack length and resistance to crack propagation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of the Fatigue, Crack and Failure Mechanisms of Materials and Structures)
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12 pages, 3324 KB  
Article
Experiment and Modelling of the Pre-Strain Effect on the Creep Behaviour of P/M Ni-Based Superalloy FGH96
by Hao Wang, Jingyu Zhang, Huashan Shang, Aixue Sha, Yangyang Cheng and Huiling Duan
Materials 2023, 16(10), 3874; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16103874 - 21 May 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2271
Abstract
FGH96 is a powder metallurgy Ni-based superalloy used for turbine disks of aero-engines. In the present study, room-temperature pre-tension experiments with various plastic strain were conducted for the P/M FGH96 alloy, and subsequent creep tests were conducted under the test conditions of 700 [...] Read more.
FGH96 is a powder metallurgy Ni-based superalloy used for turbine disks of aero-engines. In the present study, room-temperature pre-tension experiments with various plastic strain were conducted for the P/M FGH96 alloy, and subsequent creep tests were conducted under the test conditions of 700 °C and 690 MPa. The microstructures of the pre-strained specimens after room-temperature pre-strain and after 70 h creep were investigated. A steady-state creep rate model was proposed, considering the micro-twinning mechanism and pre-strain effects. Progressive increases in steady-state creep rate and creep stain within 70 h were found with increasing amounts of pre-strain. Room-temperature pre-tension within 6.04% plastic strain had no obvious influence on the morphology and distribution of γ′ precipitates, although the dislocation density continuously increased with the increase in pre-strains. The increase in the density of mobile dislocations introduced by pre-strain was the main reason for the increase in creep rate. The predicted steady-state creep rates showed good agreement with the experiment data; the creep model proposed in this study could capture the pre-strain effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Metals and Alloys)
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12 pages, 4461 KB  
Article
Effect of Solution Treatment on Microstructure Evolution of a Powder Metallurgy Nickel Based Superalloy with Incomplete Dynamic Recrystallization Microstructure
by Yanhui Liu, Miao Wang, Pengwei Sun, Guang Yang, Wenjie Song and Xiaofeng Wang
Metals 2023, 13(2), 239; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020239 - 27 Jan 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3964
Abstract
In this paper, the powder metallurgy (P/M) Ni-based superalloy FGH4096 with an incomplete dynamic recrystallization structure was treated by a solution treatment at different temperatures, cooling methods, and holding times. The size, morphology, and distribution of grains and γ′ precipitates were characterized by [...] Read more.
In this paper, the powder metallurgy (P/M) Ni-based superalloy FGH4096 with an incomplete dynamic recrystallization structure was treated by a solution treatment at different temperatures, cooling methods, and holding times. The size, morphology, and distribution of grains and γ′ precipitates were characterized by an optical microscope (OM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Research results showed that with the increase of solution temperature from 1060 °C to 1100 °C, the degree of recrystallization increased continuously, the distribution of grain became uniform, and a large number of annealing twins were found. At the same time, the degree of redissolution of the primary γ′ precipitates at the grain boundary increased, and the size of secondary γ′ phase reprecipitated within the grain decreased. The morphology of the secondary γ′ precipitates is mainly spherical with a single distribution under air cooling (AC), while the morphology is near-spherical, cuboids, octets, petaloid, and dendrites with a bimodal distribution under furnace cooling (FC). The size of the γ′ precipitates decreased and the volume fraction increased with the extension of holding time at a higher solution temperature (1100 °C). Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Metal Casting, Forming and Heat Treatment)
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10 pages, 6676 KB  
Article
Portevin-Le Châtelier Effect in a Powder Metallurgy Co-Ni-Based Superalloy
by Chao Li, Jianwei Teng, Biaobiao Yang, Xianjue Ye, Lan Huang, Yong Liu and Yunping Li
Materials 2022, 15(8), 2796; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082796 - 11 Apr 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2929
Abstract
The Portevin-Le Châtelier (PLC) effect in a powder metallurgy (PM) Co-Ni-based superalloy was systematically investigated via the tensile tests at temperatures ranging from 200 to 600 °C and strain rates at 1.0 × 10−4 to 1.0 × 10−2. Both normal [...] Read more.
The Portevin-Le Châtelier (PLC) effect in a powder metallurgy (PM) Co-Ni-based superalloy was systematically investigated via the tensile tests at temperatures ranging from 200 to 600 °C and strain rates at 1.0 × 10−4 to 1.0 × 10−2. Both normal and inverse PLC effects were observed in the PLC regime, and the former appeared in the A and B types at a low temperature, whilst the latter appeared in the C type at an elevated temperature. Both positive and negative strain rate sensitivities (SRS) were shown in PLC regime, and SRS should be derived from same types of serrations. Based on the calculated activation energy, the substitutional atom Mo is considered to take primary responsibility for the PLC effect in present alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Metallurgical and Materials Engineering)
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12 pages, 4111 KB  
Article
Reductions of Intergranular Corrosion Resistance and Wear Resistance in a Ni-Cr-Mo-Based Superalloy by Aging-Treatment-Induced Precipitation
by Pengyan Zhang, Chi Zhang, Xiaoguang Zhou and Zhenyi Huang
Metals 2021, 11(8), 1329; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11081329 - 23 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3069
Abstract
Ni-Cr-Mo-based superalloy is widely used as a key component in many critical environments. To ensure that the manufacturing process does not impact the long-term service performance of these components, the aging precipitation behavior at different temperatures and its effect on intergranular corrosion (IGC) [...] Read more.
Ni-Cr-Mo-based superalloy is widely used as a key component in many critical environments. To ensure that the manufacturing process does not impact the long-term service performance of these components, the aging precipitation behavior at different temperatures and its effect on intergranular corrosion (IGC) resistance and wear resistance of a Ni-Cr-Mo-based C276 superalloy were investigated. The equilibrium phase diagram was calculated first using thermodynamic software to confirm the potential phases. Carbides of M6C were found to be formed at grain boundaries after aging at 800–850 °C for short-term treatment. The other two phases (μ phase and P phase) indicated in the phase diagram were not observed for the samples after aging treatment up to 15 h. Furthermore, double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) tests were conducted to examine the IGC resistance. The degree of sensitization increased with the aging time and severe corrosion was found to occur at grain boundaries. For the first time, the influence of aging treatment on the wear behavior of this superalloy has been specifically studied. Concerning the hot processing of Ni-Cr-Mo-based C276 superalloy, these results indicate the importance of avoiding high-temperature heat treatment for long periods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Friction, Lubrication, Wear and Oxidation in Metals Manufacturing)
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13 pages, 6815 KB  
Article
Development of a Refractory High Entropy Superalloy
by Oleg N. Senkov, Dieter Isheim, David N. Seidman and Adam L. Pilchak
Entropy 2016, 18(3), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/e18030102 - 17 Mar 2016
Cited by 285 | Viewed by 19331
Abstract
Microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties of a refractory high entropy superalloy, AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr, are reported in this work. The alloy consists of a nano-scale mixture of two phases produced by the decomposition from a high temperature body-centered cubic (BCC) [...] Read more.
Microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties of a refractory high entropy superalloy, AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr, are reported in this work. The alloy consists of a nano-scale mixture of two phases produced by the decomposition from a high temperature body-centered cubic (BCC) phase. The first phase is present in the form of cuboidal-shaped nano-precipitates aligned in rows along <100>-type directions, has a disordered BCC crystal structure with the lattice parameter a1 = 326.9 ± 0.5 pm and is rich in Mo, Nb and Ta. The second phase is present in the form of channels between the cuboidal nano-precipitates, has an ordered B2 crystal structure with the lattice parameter a2 = 330.4 ± 0.5 pm and is rich in Al, Ti and Zr. Both phases are coherent and have the same crystallographic orientation within the former grains. The formation of this modulated nano-phase structure is discussed in the framework of nucleation-and-growth and spinodal decomposition mechanisms. The yield strength of this refractory high entropy superalloy is superior to the yield strength of Ni-based superalloys in the temperature range of 20 °C to 1200 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Entropy Alloys and High-Entropy-Related Materials)
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