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23 pages, 25882 KB

Open AccessArticle

Robust Low-Sidelobe MIMO Dual-Function Radar–Communication Waveform Design

by Xuchen Liu, Yongjun Liu, Guisheng Liao, Hao Tang, Heming Wang and Xiaoyang Dong

Remote Sens. 2025, 17(7), 1242; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17071242 - 31 Mar 2025

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In multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) dual-function radar–communication (DFRC) systems, the inevitable amplitude–phase errors increase the sidelobe of transmit beampattern and distort the synthesized waveforms, which degrades both radar and communication performance. Due to this, a robust low-sidelobe MIMO DFRC waveform design method is proposed. Firstly, a DFRC transmit signal model based on the uncertainty sets of amplitude–phase errors is established. The robust low-sidelobe MIMO DFRC waveform design problem is then formulated. In this problem, the sidelobe of transmit beampattern is minimized with the constraints on the mutual interference and the desired waveforms. To decrease the computational complexity, an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM)-based waveform design method is proposed, and the convergence is proved. Finally, some simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Full article

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25 pages, 4128 KB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing the Communication Bandwidth of FH-MIMO DFRC Systems Through Constellation Rotation Modulation

by Jiangtao Liu, Weibin Jiang, Wentie Yang, Tao Su and Jianzhong Chen

Remote Sens. 2025, 17(6), 1058; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17061058 - 17 Mar 2025

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Abstract

This paper presents a technique based on Constellation Rotation Modulation (CRM) to enhance the communication bandwidth of Frequency-Hopping Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Dual-Function Radar and Communication (FH-MIMO DFRC) systems. The technique introduces the dimension of constellation diagram rotation without increasing the system bandwidth or power consumption, significantly improving communication efficiency. Specifically, CRM, by rotating the constellation diagram, combines with traditional Frequency-Hopping Code Selection (FHCS) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) to achieve higher data transmission rates. Through theoretical analysis and experimental verification, we demonstrate the specific modulation and demodulation principles of CRM, and we compare the differences between the minimum Euclidean distance-based and constellation diagram folding projection fast demodulation methods. The impact of the proposed modulation on radar detection range and detection performance was analyzed in conjunction with radar equations and ambiguity functions. Finally, achieved through simulation analysis of radar and communication systems, as well as actual system testing on an SDR platform, the simulation and experimental results indicate that CRM modulation can significantly enhance communication bandwidth while maintaining radar detection performance, thereby validating the accuracy and reliability of the theory. Full article

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19 pages, 558 KB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization of Robust and Secure Transmit Beamforming for Dual-Functional MIMO Radar and Communication Systems

by Zhuochen Chen, Ximin Li and Shengqi Zhu

Remote Sens. 2025, 17(5), 816; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17050816 - 26 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1637

Abstract

This paper investigates a multi-antenna, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) dual-functional radar and communication (DFRC) system platform. The system simultaneously detects radar targets and communicates with downlink cellular users. However, the modulated information within the transmitted waveforms may be susceptible to eavesdropping. To ensure the security of information transmission, we introduce non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology to enhance the security performance of the MIMO-DFRC platform. Initially, we consider a scenario where the channel state information (CSI) of the radar target (eavesdropper) is perfectly known. Using fractional programming (FP) and semidefinite relaxation (SDR) techniques, we maximize the system’s total secrecy rate under the requirements for radar detection performance, communication rate, and system energy, thereby ensuring the security of the system. In the case where the CSI of the radar target (eavesdropper) is unavailable, we propose a robust secure beamforming optimization model. The channel model is represented as a bounded uncertainty set, and by jointly applying first-order Taylor expansion and the S-procedure, we transform the original problem into a tractable one characterized by linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Numerical results validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications and New Trends in Metrology for Radar/LiDAR-Based Systems II)

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16 pages, 2211 KB

Open AccessArticle

Modulus Waveform Design Based on Manifold ADMM Idea in Dual-Function Radar–Communication System

by Yinan Zhao, Zhongqing Zhao, Fangqiu Tong, Yu Fan and Xiang Feng

Electronics 2024, 13(14), 2726; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142726 - 11 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1651

Abstract

In this paper, we try to design the joint waveform and passive beamforming within the context of dual-function radar–communication (DFRC) systems. Focusing on the intricate trade-off between stringent radar beampattern constraints and their desired performance, we introduce a novel manifold idea based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) framework. Specifically, our proposed method, named DFRC-MA, could address the challenge of constant modulus waveform design in a multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) DFRC system. Firstly, our methodology begins by formulating the reference waveform to achieve an optimal radar beamforming pattern. Subsequently, we define the DFRC optimization problem to mitigate the multi-user interference (MUI) under the constant modulus constraint. Through a series of simulations, we evaluate the efficacy of DFRC-MA, where the integrated waveform designed by DFRC-MA exhibits superior performance over some prevalent ones. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Radar Signal and Data Processing with Applications)

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17 pages, 402 KB

Open AccessArticle

Joint Transmit and Receive Beamforming Design for DPC-Based MIMO DFRC Systems

by Chenhao Yang, Xin Wang and Wei Ni

Electronics 2024, 13(10), 1846; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13101846 - 9 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2269

Abstract

This paper proposes an optimal beamforming strategy for a downlink multi-user multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) dual-function radar communication (DFRC) system with dirty paper coding (DPC) adopted at the transmitter. We aim to achieve the maximum weighted sum rate of communicating users while adhering to a predetermined transmit covariance constraint for radar performance assurance. To make the intended problem trackable, we leverage the equivalence of the weighted sum rate and the weighted minimum mean squared error (MMSE) to reframe the issue and devise a block coordinate descent (BCD) approach to iteratively calculate transmit and receive beamforming solutions. Through this methodology, we demonstrate that the optimal receive beamforming aligns with the traditional MMSE approach, whereas the optimal transmit beamforming design can be cast into a quadratic optimization problem defined on a complex Stiefel manifold. Based on the majorization–minimization (MM) method, an iterative algorithm is then developed to compute the optimal transmit beamforming design by solving a series of orthogonal Procrustes problems (OPPs) that admit closed-form optimal solutions. Numerical findings serve to validate the efficacy of our scheme. It is demonstrated that our approach can achieve at least 73% higher spectral efficiency than the existing methods in a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Microwave and Wireless Communications)

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21 pages, 621 KB

Open AccessArticle

Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers-Based Constant Modulus Waveform Design for Dual-Function Radar-Communication Systems

by Ahmed Saleem, Abdul Basit, Muhammad Fahad Munir, Athar Waseem, Wasim Khan, Aqdas Naveed Malik, Salman A. AlQahtani, Amil Daraz and Pranavkumar Pathak

Entropy 2023, 25(7), 1027; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25071027 - 6 Jul 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2493

Abstract

In this paper, we design constant modulus waveforms for dual-function radar-communication (DFRC) systems based on a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) configuration of sensors for a far-field scenario. At first, we formulate a non-convex optimization problem subject to waveform synthesis for minimizing the interference power while maintaining a constant modulus constraint. Next, we solve this non-convex problem, iteratively, using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. Importantly, the designed waveforms approximate a desired beampattern in terms of a high-gain radar beam and a slightly high gain communication beam while maintaining a desired low sidelobe level. The designed waveforms ensure an improved detection probability and an improved bit error rate (BER) for radar and communications parts, respectively. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method through simulation results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Information Theory for MIMO Systems)

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25 pages, 1529 KB

Open AccessArticle

MIMO DFRC Signal Design in Signal-Dependent Clutter

by Xue Yao, Bunian Pan, Tao Fan, Xianxiang Yu, Guolong Cui and Xiangfei Nie

Remote Sens. 2023, 15(13), 3256; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15133256 - 24 Jun 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2125

Abstract

This paper deals with the Dual-Function Radar and Communication (DFRC) signal design for a Multiple-Input–Multiple-Output (MIMO) system, considering the presence of signal-dependent clutter. A modulation methodology called Spectral Position Index and Amplitude (SPIA) modulation is proposed, which involves selecting passband and stopband positions and applying amplitude modulation. Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) is maximized to enhance radar detectability. Meanwhile, variable modulus and communication modulation constraints are enforced to ensure compatibility with the current hardware techniques and communication demand, respectively. In addition, the mainlobe width and sidelobe level constraints used to concentrate energy in a specific area of space are enforced. To tackle the resulting nonconvex and NP-hard optimization problem, an Iterative Block Enhancement (IBE) framework that alternately updates each signal in each emitting antenna is exploited to monotonically increase SINR. Each block involves the Dinkelbach’s Iterative Procedure (DIP), Sequential Convex Approximation (SCA) and Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) to obtain a single signal. The computational complexity and convergence of the algorithm are analyzed. Finally, the numerical results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed dual-function scheme in sidelobe signal-dependent clutter. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theory and Applications of MIMO Radar)

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