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12 pages, 1021 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

The Chronic Effect of Stair Climbing–Descending Exercises after Meals on Glycemic Control in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by Hiroto Honda, Hiromi Fukutomi, Makoto Igaki, Shinichiro Tanaka, Tetsuo Takaishi and Tatsuya Hayashi

Muscles 2023, 2(2), 238-249; https://doi.org/10.3390/muscles2020018 - 15 Jun 2023

Viewed by 3366

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the chronic effect of a stair climbing–descending exercise (ST-EX) program on glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Sixteen T2D participants were randomly divided into two groups and followed up over 12 weeks: they either performed regular ST-EX after meals at home (n = 8) or maintained their daily routine (CON; no training) (n = 8). The participants in the ST-EX group were instructed to perform a minimum of 12 sessions/week of ST-EX for more than three days/week. One session of ST-EX consisted of two repetitions of 3 min bouts of climbing to the second floor, followed by walking down to the first floor. Fourteen participants completed the study (seven for each group). The decrease in glycoalbumin levels was significantly greater in the ST-EX group (mean value: −1.0%) than in the CON group (+0.4%). Moreover, the knee extension force increased greatly in the ST-EX group (+0.2 Nm/kg) compared with that in the CON group (−0.1 Nm/kg), with no significant change in the skeletal muscle mass. Performing regular ST-EX after meals may be an effective strategy to improve glycemic control and lower-extremity muscle strength in individuals with T2D. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Perspectives Regarding Muscle and Exercise Training)

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9 pages, 994 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Volumetric Analysis of Glioblastoma for Determining Which CpG Sites Should Be Tested by Pyrosequencing to Predict Temozolomide Efficacy

by Tomohiro Hosoya, Masamichi Takahashi, Calvin Davey, Jun Sese, Mai Honda-Kitahara, Yasuji Miyakita, Makoto Ohno, Shunsuke Yanagisawa, Takaki Omura, Daisuke Kawauchi, Yukie Ozeki, Miyu Kikuchi, Tomoyuki Nakano, Akihiko Yoshida, Hiroshi Igaki, Yuko Matsushita, Koichi Ichimura and Yoshitaka Narita

Biomolecules 2022, 12(10), 1379; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12101379 - 26 Sep 2022

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine which individual or combined CpG sites among O⁶-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase CpG 74–89 in glioblastoma mainly affects the response to temozolomide resulting from CpG methylation using statistical analyses focused on the tumor volume ratio (TVR). We retrospectively examined 44 patients who had postoperative volumetrically measurable residual tumor tissue and received adjuvant temozolomide therapy for at least 6 months after initial chemoradiotherapy. TVR was defined as the tumor volume 6 months after the initial chemoradiotherapy divided by that before the start of chemoradiotherapy. Predictive values for TVR as a response to adjuvant therapy were compared among the averaged methylation percentages of individual or combined CpGs using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Our data revealed that combined CpG 78 and 79 showed a high area under the curve (AUC) and a positive likelihood ratio and that combined CpG 76–79 showed the highest AUC among all combinations. AUCs of consecutive CpG combinations tended to be higher for CpG 74–82 in exon 1 than for CpG 83–89 in intron 1. In conclusion, the methylation status at CpG sites in exon 1 was strongly associated with TVR reduction in glioblastoma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biomarkers)

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13 pages, 3567 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical Application of Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Tests for Diffuse Gliomas

by Takaki Omura, Masamichi Takahashi, Makoto Ohno, Yasuji Miyakita, Shunsuke Yanagisawa, Yukie Tamura, Miyu Kikuchi, Daisuke Kawauchi, Tomoyuki Nakano, Tomohiro Hosoya, Hiroshi Igaki, Kaishi Satomi, Akihiko Yoshida, Kuniko Sunami, Makoto Hirata, Tatsunori Shimoi, Kazuki Sudo, Hitomi S. Okuma, Kan Yonemori, Hiromichi Suzuki, Koichi Ichimura and Yoshitaka Narita Show full author list Hide full author list

Cancers 2022, 14(10), 2454; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14102454 - 16 May 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3634

Abstract

Next-generation sequencing-based comprehensive genomic profiling test (CGPT) enables clinicians and patients to access promising molecularly targeted therapeutic agents. Approximately 10% of patients who undergo CGPT receive an appropriate agent. However, its coverage of glioma patients is seldom reported. The aim of this study was to reveal the comprehensive results of CGPT in glioma patients in our institution, especially the clinical actionability. We analyzed the genomic aberrations, tumor mutation burden scores, and microsatellite instability status. The Molecular Tumor Board (MTB) individually recommended a therapeutic agent and suggested further confirmation of germline mutations after considering the results. The results of 65/104 patients with glioma who underwent CGPTs were reviewed by MTB. Among them, 12 (18.5%) could access at least one therapeutic agent, and 5 (7.7%) were suspected of germline mutations. A total of 49 patients with IDH-wildtype glioblastoma showed frequent genomic aberrations in the following genes: TERT promoter (67%), CDKN2A (57%), CDKN2B (51%), MTAP (41%), TP53 (35%), EGFR (31%), PTEN (31%), NF1 (18%), BRAF (12%), PDGFRA (12%), CDK4 (10%), and PIK3CA (10%). Since glioma patients currently have very limited standard treatment options and a high recurrence rate, CGPT might be a facilitative tool for glioma patients in terms of clinical actionability and diagnostic value. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Therapy)

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10 pages, 599 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Association between Physical Activity and Seasonal Variations in Metabolic and Vascular Function in Adults

by Hiroto Honda, Makoto Igaki, Motoaki Komatsu and Shin-ichiro Tanaka

Endocrines 2021, 2(2), 150-159; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines2020015 - 11 Jun 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3179

Abstract

This article highlights the association between physical activity (PA) and seasonal variations in metabolic and vascular function in adults. Increasing PA is an important method for preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality by improving blood glucose, blood pressure, blood lipid profiles, body fat, insulin resistance, and vascular function, such as endothelial function. Conversely, various factors, such as seasonal climate conditions, may affect the amount of PA that individuals undertake. Changes in PA often induce seasonal variations in metabolic and vascular function; the deterioration of such functions in winter is the most prominent, and there is clear evidence of an increased risk of CVD in this season. Understanding the influence of PA on seasonal variations observed in metabolic and vascular function is necessary for the management of these physiological functions. In this article summary, few studies have proven that maintaining PA can suppress the variations, and it remains unclear what types, intensities, and durations of regular PA are effective for circumventing seasonal impact. In addition to further studies, there is a need to educate individuals about the strategies to manage PA and other aspects of their lifestyles throughout the year, particularly in winter. Full article

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11 pages, 962 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Self-Reported Sitting Time and Transtheoretical Model Based on Exercise Behavior Change on Glycemic and Weight Control in Japanese Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Hiroto Honda, Makoto Igaki, Shin-ichiro Tanaka, Kumiko Ono and Yushi Hirota

Healthcare 2020, 8(2), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8020105 - 22 Apr 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4426

Abstract

This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations among self-reported sitting time (ST), transtheoretical model (TTM) based on exercise behavior change, and glycemic and weight control in Japanese adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Forty-two adults (age, 44.0 (33.3–56.8) years) with uncomplicated T1D answered questions regarding their lifestyles, including ST per day, and TTM using self-administered questionnaires. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level correlated with age and ST (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively), whereas body mass index correlated with duration of T1D and TTM (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed that poor glycemic control (HbA1c, >7%) was associated with ST (odds ratio, 3.53 (95% confidence interval, 1.54–8.11), p < 0.01). In addition, the cut-off points for quartiles of ST were 4.6, 6.0, and 8.0 h/day, and the HbA1c level in the lowest quartile was 15% lower than that in the highest quartile (p < 0.01). Although further studies with larger samples are needed, these results implied that expanded self-reported ST might be related to poor glycemic control in Japanese T1D adults, most of whom were lean, young and middle-aged, regardless of TTM based on exercise behavior change. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Chronic Care)

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