Search Results (13)

The enaminone compounds 3-Dimethylamino-1-arylpropenones produced in this review was synthesized by reacting para-methylacetophenone and para-nitroacetophenone with dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal. In this review article, we discuss how to create novel disperse colors by reacting enaminone derivatives 3a and 3b with phenyldiazonium salt. The highly productive procedure of creating new disperse dyes was followed by the process of dyeing polyester fabrics at temperatures between 70 and 130 °C. As a result, the colours’ resistance to light, rubbing, perspiration, and washing fastness was assessed. In an effort to show the additional value of these dyes, the expected biological activity of the synthetic dyes against fungus, yeast, and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was also assessed. We have applied zinc oxide nanoparticles for polyester fabrics treatment to impact them a self-cleaning quality, increase their light fastness, enhance their antibacterial efficacy, and enhance UV protection as part of our ongoing strategy to obtain polyester fabrics with newly acquired specifications. Full article

In this review, we present preparation methods for a series of new disperse dyes that we have synthesized over the past thirteen years in an environmentally safe and economical way using innovative methods, conventional methods, or using microwave technology as a safe and uniform method of heating. The results showed that in many of the synthetic reactions we carried out, the use of the microwave strategy provides us with the product in minutes and with higher productivity compared to the conventional methods. This strategy provides or may dispense with the use of harmful organic solvents. As an environmentally friendly approach, we used microwave technology in dyeing polyester fabrics at 130 degrees Celsius, and then, we also introduced ultrasound technology in dyeing polyester fabrics at 80 degrees Celsius as an alternative to dyeing methods at the boiling point of water. Here, the goal was not only to save energy, but also to obtain a color depth higher than the color depth that can be obtained by traditional dyeing methods. It is worth noting that obtaining a higher color depth and using less energy means that the amount of dye remaining in the dyeing bath is less, which facilitates the processing of dyeing baths and therefore does not cause harm to the environment. It is necessary after obtaining dyed polyester fabrics to show their fastness properties, so we explained that these dyes have high fastness properties. The next thought was to use nano-metal oxides to treat polyester fabrics in order to provide these fabrics with important properties. Therefore, we present the strategy for treating polyester fabrics with titanium dioxide nano-particles (TiO₂ NPs) or zinc oxide nano-particles (ZnO NPs) in order to enhance their anti-microbial properties, increase their UV protection, increase their light fastness, and enhance their self-cleaning properties. We reviewed the biological activity of all of the newly prepared dyes and showed that most of these dyes possess strong biological activity. Full article

Original work showed the composition of the dyes and the antimicrobial/UV protective properties of a series of dyes obtained in our laboratories over the past twelve years in an easy way using microwave technology and their comparisons with conventional methods. The results we obtained clearly indicated that by using the microwave strategy, we were able to synthesize the new disperse dyes in minutes and with a much higher productivity when compared to the traditional methods, which took a much longer time, sometimes up to hours. We also introduced ultrasonic technology in dyeing polyester fabrics at 80 °C for an environmentally friendly approach, which was an alternative to traditional dyeing methods at 100 °C; we obtained a much higher color depth than traditional dyeing methods reaching 102.9%. We presented both the biological activity of the prepared new dyes and the fastness properties and clearly indicated that these dyes possess biological activity and high fastness properties.We presented through the results that when dyeing polyester fabrics with some selected disperse dyes, the color strength of polyester fabrics dyed at high temperatures was greater than the color strength of polyester fabrics dyed at low temperatures by 144%, 186%, 265% and 309%. Finally, we presented that a ZnO or TiO₂ NPs post-dyeing treatment of polyester fabrics is promising strategy for producing polyester fabrics possess multifunction like self-cleaning property, high light fastness, antimicrobial and anti-ultraviolet properties. Full article

Organic reactions utilizing the microwave strategy have become able to conduct in shorter times, with higher yields, and are compatible with green chemistry protocols. In recent years, microwave technologies as an effective agent in organic synthesis have been successful utilized in textile industries and for the synthesis of dyes, especially disperse dyes. Herein, we present our contributions over the past decade through the use of microwave technology not only in the synthesis of new biologically active organic compounds and disperse dyes, but also the use of this effective, environmentally friendly technology in dyeing polyester fabrics as an alternative to conventional heating methods. We also demonstrate both the fastness properties and biological activities of the newly prepared compounds. In addition, we present the treatment of dyeing baths by reusing them again in the dyeing process, using microwave energy to achieve this goal, and this has environmentally friendly dimensions. Some of the possible utilizations of microwave irradiation have been presented in many different fields of chemistry. We recommend relying on this effective and environmentally safe technology instead of relying on conventional methods that take a lot of time, give low yields, and may have a negative impact on the environment. Full article

The textile sector is closely linked to environmental pollution as a result of the use of toxic chemicals and their disposal in liquid waste, which negatively affects for the environment. Moreover, textile industries, especially wet processing, consume a large amount of energy, water, and chemical auxiliaries. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a solution that takes the problem of environmental pollution into account. Considering ultrasound as an environmentally safe alternative for dyeing polyester fabrics with the disperse dyes that we have prepared before, the comparison between the ultrasonic dyeing method and conventional dyeing at low temperatures was investigated. Dye exhaustion on polyester fabrics and fastness properties such as the washing, rubbing, light, and perspiration of all of the dyed fabrics were performed by two dyeing methods. Additionally, the ultraviolet protection factors (UPF) for dyed polyester fabrics were evaluated. Full article

This review summarizes our contributions during last decade on the synthesis of arylazopyridones that may be used as disperse dyes for hydrophobic fabrics utilizing an environmentally benign high temperature dyeing method. The review also discusses the advantages of select disperse dyes based on pyridone moieties as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Full article

Polyester fabrics were dyed with prepared disperse dyes using the high temperature dyeing method. The dye exhaustion of the dye baths were compared to the low-temperature dyeing method in an attempt to study the proportion of the dye effluent solution that affects the environment. The dye uptake of the high temperature dyeing method (HT) of polyester fabric was compared with low temperature dyeing, hence (HT) increased the color strength of the investigated dyes by 309 and 265%. This means that the amount of dye present in the dye effluents by using the high-temperature dyeing method is almost non-existent, and this is reflected positively on the environment as these wastes pollute the environment. Post-treated polyester fabric was prepared through a two-step hot process after being immersed in a solution of Titanium (IV) oxide nanoparticle sizeTiO₂ NPs (21 nm primary particle size) at 80 °C followed by curing at 140 °C. The treated fabric realized an optimum UV protection factor of 34.9 and 283.6 degrees. These fabrics also demonstrated a strong ability to improve the light fastness properties. Finally, the potential applications of such value-added fabrics as self-cleaning and antifungal activities were investigated. The results indicated that the treated dyed fabrics with TiO₂ NPs endowed fabrics with the excellent self-cleaning of methylene blue dye. From the above, the treated fabrics with nano-titanium dioxide can be used in some promising fields, for example, medical ones. Full article

Both non eco- and eco-friendly carriers were utilized for accelerating the dyeing rate of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics (PET) dyed with disperse dyes at 100 °C. Fastness properties of the dyed fabrics showed good and excellent results. Finally, the prepared disperse dyes 1 and 2 showed potent anti-tumor cytotoxic activity in vitro using MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line), HepG-2 cells (human Hepatocellular carcinoma), HCT-116 (colon carcinoma), A-549 cells (Lung carcinoma cell line), and anti-oxidant activities. Full article

The goal of this study was to utilize carrier for accelerating the rate of dyeing not only to enhance dyeing of polyester fabrics dyed with disperse dyes 3a,b, but also to save energy. Both the color strength expressed as dye uptake and the fastness properties of the dyed fabrics were evaluated. Full article

A series of new monoazo disperse dyes containing pyrazolopyrimidine moieties was synthesized by coupling malononitrile or 3-aminocrotononitrile with 4-hydroxy- benzenediazonium chloride. Treatment of the resulting products with hydrazine hydrate yields the corresponding 4-arylazoaminopyrazoles, which then react with either 2,4-pentanedione and enaminonitriles or aryl-substituted enaminoketones to give the target pyrazolopyrimidine monoazo disperse dyes. Structural assignments of the dyes were made using both NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic methods. A high temperature dyeing method, by microwave irradiation, was employed with polyester fabrics. Most of the dyed fabrics tested displayed moderate light fastness and excellent washing and perspiration fastness levels. Full article

A series of 4-hydroxyphenylazopyrazolopyrimidine disperse dyes were prepared via one-pot reactions of p-hydroxyphenylhydrazone, hydrazine hydrate, and acetylacetone or enaminones using microwave irradiation as an energy source. Structural assignments of the dyes were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic structure determination. Instead of discharging the dyebath after each dyeing cycle, the residual dyebath was spectrophotometrically analyzed and then pH readjusted for a repeat dyeing with longer time. Fastness of the dyed samples was measured after each recycle. Most of the dyed fabrics tested displayed good light fastness and excellent fastness to washing and perspiration. Finally, the biological activity of the synthesized dyes against Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria and yeast were evaluated. Full article

A series of novel monoazo-disperse dyes containing pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine structures were synthesized starting with the coupling reaction between ethyl cyanoacetate and 4-hydroxybenzenediazonium chloride, followed by treatment of the resulting hydrazone product with hydrazine hydrate. The pyrazolohydrazone 6 is then treated with either 2,4-pentandione and enaminonitrile or aryl-substituted enaminoketones to give the target pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine dyes 7 and 15a-d. Structural assignments to the dyes were made using NMR spectroscopic methods. A new high temperature method, using microwave heating, was employed to apply these dyes to polyester fibers. Most of the dyed fabrics tested displayed moderate light fastness and excellent washing fastness properties. Full article

Flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) of 4-aryl-3-buten-2-ols [ArCH=CH-CH(CH₃)OH, where Ar is phenyl, p-MeO, p-Me, p-Cl, p-NO₂] gave the corresponding buta-1,3-dien-1-ylbenzene (ArCH=CH-CH=CH₂, where Ar is Ph, p-MeO, p-Me, p-Cl, p-NO₂) and 7-X-1,2-dihydronaphthalene derivatives (where X is H, MeO); FVP of 1-aryl-3-benzyloxy1-1-butenes and benzyl cinnamyl ethers [ArCH=CHCH(X)OCH₂Ph, where Ar is phenyl, p-MeO, p-Me, p-Cl, X is H, Me, Ph] gave the corresponding but-2-en-1-ylbenzene derivatives (ArCH₂CH=CH-X, where X is H, Me, Ph) together with benzaldehyde. The proposed mechanism of these pyrolytic transformations was supported by kinetic and product analysis. Full article