Effects of Beetroot Powder with or without L-Arginine on Postprandial Vascular Endothelial Function: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial with Abdominally Obese Men
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Meals
2.4. Anthropometric and Vascular Measurements
2.5. Biochemical Analyses
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Study Participants
3.2. Vascular and Blood Pressure Measurements
3.3. Postprandial Lipemia and Glycemia
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Study Participants |
---|---|
Age (years) | 63 (61–68.5) b |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.8 ± 3.2 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 113.0 ± 9.1 |
Hip circumference (cm) | 110.5 ± 4.8 |
Fasting serum total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.31 ± 0.95 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.88 ± 0.55 |
Variables | Control | Beetroot | Beetroot + 0.8 g L-Arginine | Beetroot + 1.5 g L-Arginine | 3.0 g L-Arginine | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline brachial artery diameter, mm | Fasting | 5.1 ± 0.4 | 5.0 ± 0.5 | 5.0 ± 0.5 | 5.0 ± 0.5 | 5.0 ± 0.5 |
Postprandial | 5.1 ± 0.4 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | |
Changes | 0.0 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | |
SBP, mmHg | Fasting | 135.3 ± 10.0 | 136.9 ± 11.6 | 134.8 ± 11.6 | 134.4 ± 11.2 | 136.4 ± 12.9 |
Postprandial | 134.2 ± 9.7 | 132.8 ± 9.7 | 132.5 ± 10.6 | 132.3 ± 10.9 | 134.3 ± 11.6 | |
Changes | −1.2 ± 7.6 | −4.1 ± 7.0 | –2.3 ± 5.7 | −2.1 ± 9.2 | −2.1 ± 7.7 | |
DBP, mmHg | Fasting | 82.6 ± 6.4 | 83.1 ± 6.3 | 81.8 ± 7.6 | 82.2 ± 6.7 | 83.5 ± 6.7 |
Postprandial | 80.1 ± 7.4 | 79.6 ± 6.9 | 78.2 ± 7.6 | 79.1 ± 7.6 | 80.3 ± 7.9 | |
Changes | −2.5 ± 5.2 | −3.5 ± 5.7 | −3.7 ± 5.2 | −3.1 ± 5.9 | −3.2 ± 5.3 | |
HR, beats/min | Fasting | 63.4 ± 9.7 | 61.9 ± 8.5 | 60.6 ± 7.9 | 60.6 ± 9.3 | 61.1 ± 11.6 |
Postprandial | 61.8 ± 9.2 | 60.8 ± 8.0 | 59.4 ± 7.2 | 60.6 ± 8.6 | 60.4 ± 9.8 | |
Changes | −1.6 ± 5.1 | −1.1 ± 2.5 | −1.1 ± 3.3 | −0.1 ± 3.3 | −0.7 ± 4.4 |
Variables | Control | Beetroot | Beetroot + 0.8 g L-Arginine | Beetroot + 1.5 g L-Arginine | 3.0 g L-Arginine |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.03 ± 1.13 | 5.02 ± 1.20 | 4.97 ± 1.13 | 5.07 ± 1.16 | 4.98 ± 1.14 |
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.15 ± 0.23 | 1.13 ± 0.24 | 1.16 ± 0.22 | 1.15 ± 0.25 | 1.16 ± 0.22 |
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.55 ± 1.01 | 3.56 ± 1.05 | 3.53 ± 1.04 | 3.61 ± 1.07 | 3.53 ± 1.07 |
TAG (mmol/L) | 1.68 ± 1.54 | 1.64 ± 1.49 | 1.42 ± 0.98 | 1.53 ± 1.21 | 1.48 ± 1.20 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 6.01 ± 0.42 | 6.03 ± 0.49 | 5.95 ± 0.37 | 5.99 ± 0.40 | 5.98 ± 0.44 |
hsCRP (mg/L) c | 1.44 (0.63–2.68) | 1.29 (0.58–2.59) | 0.93 (0.67–2.82) | 1.39 (0.94–2.93) | 1.54 (0.81–3.14) |
iAUC glucose (mmol/L/120 min) | 130.6 ± 49.9 | 125.7 ± 47.7 | 114.3 ± 50.9 | 122.7 ± 48.4 | 108.3 ± 50.6 |
iAUC glucose (mmol/L/180 min) | 213.0 ± 112.3 | 183.6 ± 65.1 | 170.4 ± 67.0 | 161.2 ± 59.3 | 176.0 ± 100.4 |
iAUC TAG (mmol/L/180 min) | 80.4 ± 35.9 | 79.9 ± 37.9 | 105.9 ± 85.3 | 93.1 ± 42.4 | 112.1 ± 58.8 |
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Smeets, E.T.H.C.; Mensink, R.P.; Hoeks, J.; de Vogel-Van den Bosch, J.; Hageman, R.J.J.; Joris, P.J. Effects of Beetroot Powder with or without L-Arginine on Postprandial Vascular Endothelial Function: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial with Abdominally Obese Men. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3520. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113520
Smeets ETHC, Mensink RP, Hoeks J, de Vogel-Van den Bosch J, Hageman RJJ, Joris PJ. Effects of Beetroot Powder with or without L-Arginine on Postprandial Vascular Endothelial Function: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial with Abdominally Obese Men. Nutrients. 2020; 12(11):3520. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113520
Chicago/Turabian StyleSmeets, Ellen T. H. C., Ronald P. Mensink, Joris Hoeks, Johan de Vogel-Van den Bosch, Robert J. J. Hageman, and Peter J. Joris. 2020. "Effects of Beetroot Powder with or without L-Arginine on Postprandial Vascular Endothelial Function: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial with Abdominally Obese Men" Nutrients 12, no. 11: 3520. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113520