Male Partners’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perception of Women’s Breast Cancer in Abha, Southwestern Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Target Population
2.2. Sample Size Determination
2.3. Study Tool
2.4. Knowledge Scoring System
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Description of the Study Sample
3.2. Husbands’ Awareness about Breast Cancer (BC) and Its Accompanying Risk and Protective Factors (Table 2)
3.3. Knowledge Score
3.4. Sources of BC Information
3.5. Wife Practices and Attitudes Related to Breast Cancer
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | No | % |
---|---|---|
Age group | ||
20–39 | 526 | 63.2 |
40–59 | 249 | 29.9 |
60–80 | 57 | 6.9 |
Nationality | ||
Saudi | 753 | 90.5 |
Non-Saudi | 79 | 9.5 |
Educational Level | ||
Illiterate | 41 | 4.9 |
Primary–Secondary | 367 | 44.1 |
University | 424 | 51.0 |
Knowledge | No (%) | 95% CI |
---|---|---|
Screening tests for BC | ||
Heard about mammography | 168 (20.2%) | 19.9–24.1 |
Heard about BSE | 184 (22.1%) | 19.4–25.0 |
Changes that might occur in relation to BC | ||
Size changes | 454 (54.6%) | 51.2–57.9 |
Heaviness under armpit | 315 (37.9%) | 34.6–41.2 |
Discharge from the nipple | 343 (41.2%) | 37.9–44.6 |
Changes in the shape of the nipple | 375 (45.1%) | 41.7–48.5 |
BC Risk Factors | ||
Use of contraceptive pills | 326 (39.2%) | 35.9–42.5 |
Hormonal replacement therapy | 302 (36.3%) | 33.1–39.6 |
Exposure to excess radiation | 438 (52.6%) | 49.2–56.0 |
Smoking | 483 (58.1%) | 54.7–61.4 |
Heredity | 498 (59.9%) | 56.5–63.1 |
Old age | 336 (40.4%) | 37.1–43.7 |
Protective Factors for BC | ||
Breast feeding | 709 (85.2%) | 82.7–87.5 |
Regular practice of exercise | 576 (69.2%) | 66.0–72.3 |
First pregnancy earlier than 40 years | 299 (35.9%) | 32.7–39.2 |
Proper nutrition | 683 (82.1%) | 79.4–84.6 |
Wife Practices and Attitudes | No (%) | 95% CI |
---|---|---|
Wife examined before by mammography | 77 (9.3%) | 7.4–11.4 |
Wife performed breast self-examination | 146 (17.5%) | 15.1–22.2 |
Wife’s willingness to be trained more in BSE | 511 (61.4%) | 58.1–64.7 |
Male Spouse Factors | Wife Examined Before by Mammography AOR (95% CI) | Wife Performed Breast Self-Examination AOR (95% CI) | Wife Willingness to Be Trained More in BSE AOR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|
Age: 40+ vs. less than 40 | 1.509 (0.909–2.506) | 1.185 (0.997–2.193) | 1.146 (0.850–1.543) |
Education: University vs. others | 1.205 (0.811–2.681) | 1.259 (0.988–2.921) | 1.133 (0.841–1.526) |
Nationality: Saudi vs. non-Saudi | 0.976 (0.446–2.187) | 1. 124 (0.982–2.785) | 1.233 (0.767–1.82) |
Knowledge score: good 8+ vs. low less than 8 | 2.118 (1.231–3.649) | 2.330 (1.552–3.498) | 1.821 (1.361–2.438) |
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Al-Musa, H.M.; Awadalla, N.J.; Mahfouz, A.A. Male Partners’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perception of Women’s Breast Cancer in Abha, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173089
Al-Musa HM, Awadalla NJ, Mahfouz AA. Male Partners’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perception of Women’s Breast Cancer in Abha, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(17):3089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173089
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Musa, Hassan M., Nabil J. Awadalla, and Ahmed A. Mahfouz. 2019. "Male Partners’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perception of Women’s Breast Cancer in Abha, Southwestern Saudi Arabia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17: 3089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173089