The Hidden Stories of Small Planetary Bodies

A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997). This special issue belongs to the section "Planetary Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 21 August 2026 | Viewed by 4754

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Astronomy, Eötvös University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
Interests: astrophysical HD/MHD; solar physics; planetary systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
Interests: small bodies in the solar system; infrared astronomy; space telescopes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Small planetary bodies—such as asteroids, comets, and Kuiper Belt objects—serve as invaluable records of the early solar system's formation and evolution. Their relatively unaltered compositions and dynamic behaviors provide critical insights into planetary migration, collisional processes, and the delivery of volatiles and organics to terrestrial worlds. As our observational capabilities continue to grow, so too does our ability to extract complex information from these distant and often elusive objects.

In recent years, the integration of advanced instrumentation, large-scale survey data, and cutting-edge numerical tools, including artificial intelligence and machine learning, has revolutionized our approach to small body research. These technologies have enabled more precise modeling, new discoveries, and the refinement of existing theories. This Special Issue of Universe aims to highlight these advancements and foster a multidisciplinary dialogue on the state and future of small planetary body science.

We welcome original research articles, review papers, and concept studies that address a wide range of topics, including observational strategies, data analysis techniques, dynamical modeling, physical and chemical evolution, and mission design. Our goal is to reflect the diversity and rapid development of this field and inspire innovative approaches for future exploration.

Potential topics may include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Role of large surveys, their usefulness and limitations, and the techniques used to handle large amounts of data.
  • Advancements in celestial dynamics calculations.
  • Developments in asteroid modeling and applications of multi-wavelength and multi-mission measurements.
  • Connection of recent observations and the dynamical/physical/chemical evolution of asteroids.

Dr. Emese Forgacs-Dajka
Dr. Csaba Kiss
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • small solar system bodies
  • asteroids and comets
  • celestial dynamics
  • survey astronomy
  • machine learning in planetary science
  • multi-wavelength observations
  • data-driven modeling
  • evolution of minor planets
  • AI applications in space science
  • planetary mission science

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2277 KB  
Article
On the Origin of Sodium Atoms in the Comae and Trails of Comets
by Marco Fulle, Paolo Molaro and Ilya Ilyin
Universe 2026, 12(5), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe12050146 - 18 May 2026
Viewed by 149
Abstract
Background: The observed abundance ratios of alkali species in ground-based spectra of comets deviate from solar composition, suggesting alkali ejection from phenoxides reacting with carbon dioxide at the nucleus surface (alkali-phenoxide carbonylation). Methods: Here, we search for the alkali emissions in spectra of [...] Read more.
Background: The observed abundance ratios of alkali species in ground-based spectra of comets deviate from solar composition, suggesting alkali ejection from phenoxides reacting with carbon dioxide at the nucleus surface (alkali-phenoxide carbonylation). Methods: Here, we search for the alkali emissions in spectra of the coma and of the trail of Comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS) exploiting the double-fiber entrance of the high-resolution PEPSI spectrograph at the 8.4 m Large Binocular Telescope. Results: Spectra sampling the nucleus yield Na/K ratios 3.6 times higher than the chondritic value, and even higher ratios sampling the trail. This fact excludes photodesorption as the main sodium source, leaving sodium-phenoxide carbonylation at the surface of the main nucleus and the trail mininuclei as the primary sodium source. Conclusions: The nucleus temperature and the faint KI line exclude potassium-phenoxide carbonylation. For the first time, KI is detected in the trail of an Oort cloud comet, suggesting potassium photodesorbed from the trail mininuclei. Sodium-phenoxide carbonylation is at least six times more efficient than sodium photodesorption if the Na/K ratio in the C/2023 A3 nuclei is chondritic. Trails composed of sub-km-sized mininuclei may be common features of Oort cloud comets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Hidden Stories of Small Planetary Bodies)
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7 pages, 743 KB  
Article
Misaligned Rings Around Minor Planets with Moons
by Barnabás Deme
Universe 2026, 12(4), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe12040108 - 9 Apr 2026
Viewed by 258
Abstract
Recent observations have confirmed the existence of rings around minor bodies in the outer solar system. These objects may possess satellites as well. Here, we analytically investigate the interaction between such rings and satellites. We show that the perturbations from the moons may [...] Read more.
Recent observations have confirmed the existence of rings around minor bodies in the outer solar system. These objects may possess satellites as well. Here, we analytically investigate the interaction between such rings and satellites. We show that the perturbations from the moons may efficiently lead to off-equatorial rings around minor bodies like trans-neptunian objects or centaurs. In particular, we derive criteria for the orbital elements under which such misaligned rings may exist. These considerations will be easily testable with the upcoming deep sky surveys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Hidden Stories of Small Planetary Bodies)
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Review

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34 pages, 3521 KB  
Review
Overview of Water-Ice in Asteroids—Targets of a Revolution by LSST and JWST
by Ákos Kereszturi, Mohamed Ramy El-Maarry, Anny-Chantal Levasseur-Regourd, Imre Tóth, Bernadett D. Pál and Csaba Kiss
Universe 2025, 11(8), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11080253 - 30 Jul 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3490
Abstract
Water-ice occurs inside many minor bodies almost throughout the Solar System. To have an overview of the inventory of water-ice in asteroids, beside the general characteristics of their activity, examples are presented with details, including the Hilda zone and among the Trojans. There [...] Read more.
Water-ice occurs inside many minor bodies almost throughout the Solar System. To have an overview of the inventory of water-ice in asteroids, beside the general characteristics of their activity, examples are presented with details, including the Hilda zone and among the Trojans. There might be several extinct comets among the asteroids with only internal ice content, demonstrating the complex evolution of such bodies. To evaluate the formation of ice-hosting small objects, their migration and retention capacity by a surface covering dust layer are also overviewed to provide a complex picture of volatile occurrences. This review aims to support further work and search for sublimation-induced activity of asteroids by future missions and telescopic surveys. Based on the observed and hypothesized occurrence and characteristics of icy asteroids, future observation-related estimations were made regarding the low limiting magnitude future survey of LSST/Vera Rubin and also the infrared ice identification by the James Webb space telescope. According to these estimations, there is a high probability of mapping the distribution of ice in the asteroid belt over the next decade. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Hidden Stories of Small Planetary Bodies)
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