HIV-1 Dynamics and Public Health

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Center of Research for Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases (CREMER), Institute of Medical Research and Study of Medicinal Plants (IMPM), Yaoundé, Cameroon
Interests: HIV vaccine; HIV evolution; HIV epidemiology and prevention; HIV genetic diversity; HIV cure

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Interests: HIV modeling; statistical modelling; HIV key populations; HIV epidemiology; M&E

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

HIV is a significant global health threat. While the epidemic is not primarily restricted to particular high-risk population groups in Africa, the virus mainly circulates within men who have sex with men, sex workers, and people who inject drugs in other parts of the world. Different strategies have been implemented to reduce transmission. This includes awareness about HIV, behavioral changes, access to prevention and treatment (like antiretroviral therapy or ART) tools, and increasing and promoting HIV testing. Despite the implementation of these concerted efforts to combat the epidemic, thousands of new infections and deaths still occur annually. HIV dynamics and its impact on public health are complex, and understanding how it spreads within populations is crucial for improving prevention strategies or developing new ones. This Special Issue covers research aiming to understand the evolution of HIV epidemiology, transmission, the effectiveness of interventions, and other preventive strategies and modeling.

Dr. Marcel Tongo
Dr. Georges Nguefack-Tsague
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • HIV
  • epidemiology
  • transmission
  • antiretroviral therapy
  • prevention strategies
  • modeling

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 1402 KB  
Article
Epidemiology of HIV in Remote Equatorial Regions of Cameroon: High Prevalence in Older Adults and Regional Disparities
by Marcel Tongo, Yannick F. Ngoume, Ramla F. Tanko, Urmes C. Teagho, Brice Eselacha, Oumarou H. Goni, Dell-Dylan Kenfack, Mérimé Tchakoute and Georges Nguefack-Tsague
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(12), 334; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10120334 - 27 Nov 2025
Viewed by 102
Abstract
Data on HIV prevalence in remote, rural communities of Cameroon are scarce despite the country’s high HIV-1 group M diversity. This study assessed HIV seroprevalence and socio-demographic determinants in four regions of the equatorial rainforest location of the country. A cross-sectional survey was [...] Read more.
Data on HIV prevalence in remote, rural communities of Cameroon are scarce despite the country’s high HIV-1 group M diversity. This study assessed HIV seroprevalence and socio-demographic determinants in four regions of the equatorial rainforest location of the country. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 5631 individuals in rural communities of the Centre, East, Littoral, and South regions. HIV testing was performed, and socio-demographic data were collected. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) were estimated using bivariate and multivariate analyses (negative log-binomial model with generalised estimating equations, GEEs). Overall, HIV prevalence was 3.4% (95% CI: 2.9–3.9%) in individuals aged 15–49 years and 4.9% in those aged ≥50 years. Women had higher prevalence than men (4.5% vs. 3.0%, aPR = 1.53, 95% CI: [1.12–2.08], p = 0.007) and also higher HIV prevalence among individuals aged 50–54 years compared to those aged 15–19 years (5.5% vs. 1.8%, aPR = 2.76, 95% CI: [1.24–6.15], p = 0.013). The South region recorded the highest prevalence (5.2%, aPR = 1.82, 95% CI: [1.04–3.18], p = 0.035) compared to the Centre region with the lowest (2.3%). Divorced/separated/widowed individuals (10.2%) had increased risk (aPR = 1.70, 95% CI: [0.80–3.58], p = 0.165) compared to single individuals (3.2%). HIV remains a significant public health concern in remote, rural Cameroon, with a disproportionate impact on older adults and women. Surveillance should extend beyond the traditional 15–49-year age range, and targeted prevention is needed for high-prevalence regions and older populations to curb ongoing transmission. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HIV-1 Dynamics and Public Health)
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