Renewal, Innovation, and Transformation: The Changing Face of Judaism in Modern Times

A special issue of Religions (ISSN 2077-1444).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 March 2025 | Viewed by 4573

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Religious Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3225, USA
Interests: Judaism; Jewish spirituality; new movements; egalitarian; borderline communities
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The decades following World War II have witnessed momentous changes in the character of Judaism, in the variety of its groups, and their interactions with larger cultural trends. This has been demonstrated in the formations of numerous new movements, spiritualities, modes of prayer, leadership patterns, and educational or outreach venues.  These transformations have affected all segments of Jewry, at times unwittingly.

Many have noticed the growth in numbers, firmness, and political clout of anti-modernist Ultra-Orthodox groups, including yeshivot, Hasidic courts, and Ultra-Orthodox towns and neighborhoods. Hardalim amalgamated Ultra Nationalism with Ultra-Orthodoxy. The movement, which emerged in the 1980s‒1990s currently makes up the bulk of the ideologically committed settlers in the West Bank. Ultra-Orthodox Jews have also come up with outreach venues attempting to bring non-observant Jews to ‘Return to Tradition’. Many have paid attention to Chabad, formerly a mystical Hasidic group, that has turned into an outreach order with thousands of Jewish evangelists. However, non-Hasidic Orthodox activists have also come to engage in evangelism, inventing outreach yeshivot. Both progressive and traditionalist Jewish feminists turned many synagogues into more egalitarian spaces, allowing women greater access to Jewish spirituality, learning, and rabbinical leadership. The Renewal movement, which came out of New-Hasidism, amalgamated Hasidic practices with the values and tastes of the counterculture. Gay congregations, women’s minyanim, secular yeshivot, and Kabbalah centers are but a few examples of the numerous new groups or venues that have come to characterize Judaism in the last generation. A category of their own, even more challenging to older definitions of Judaism, have been the new borderline communities that have attracted relatively large numbers of Jews in the last decades. Messianic Jewish congregations, Jewish Buddhists, and Hebrew Catholics amalgamate Jewish identity with practices and elements of faith that previous generations have considered incompatible with the Jewish tradition. 

The new Jewish spiritual and communal landscapes and their new or renewed movements and trends call for new examination and evaluation of the definition of Judaism in our generation and the many expressions it has taken. It is the aim of this Issue to offer an opportunity for scholars to share their explorations of these themes.

Prof. Dr. Yaakov Ariel
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 2156 KiB  
Article
Israeli Jewish Attitudes toward Core Religious Beliefs in God, the Election of Israel, Eschatology, and the Temple Mount—Statistical Analysis
by Motti Inbari and Kirill M. Bumin
Religions 2024, 15(9), 1076; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15091076 - 5 Sep 2024
Viewed by 951
Abstract
In this article, we aim to gauge the perspectives of Israeli Jews on core Jewish beliefs in God, the ideas of the Election of Israel, the afterlife, the advent of the messiah, and the significance of the Temple Mount at the End of [...] Read more.
In this article, we aim to gauge the perspectives of Israeli Jews on core Jewish beliefs in God, the ideas of the Election of Israel, the afterlife, the advent of the messiah, and the significance of the Temple Mount at the End of Days. We conducted a survey among a representative sample of 1204 Israeli–Jewish respondents. The survey was administered in Hebrew and fielded between 27 March and 18 April 2023. This study shows that among the Israeli public, there is a so-called secular–religious dichotomy, at least to some extent. We were able to confirm that about 50% of the sample prays often, believes that Judaism is the only true religion, and identifies as traditional or Orthodox. We also analyze a typology of secular Israelis, including traditionalist seculars, spiritual seculars, and atheist or agnostic seculars. This study further shows that there are important generational differences in Israeli society when it comes to questions of faith. The youngest Israelis comprise the most religious age cohort, while the older generations are the least religious. In the survey, we asked multiple questions on the opinions toward visiting, praying, and constructing a synagogue or a Temple on the Temple Mount. Full article
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23 pages, 1308 KiB  
Article
Ideology and Attitudes toward Jews in U.S. Public Opinion: A Reconsideration
by Jeffrey E. Cohen
Religions 2024, 15(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15010059 - 1 Jan 2024
Viewed by 3121
Abstract
Antisemitism has been found on both the extreme left and right among political elites. However, at the mass public level, limited research suggests right-wing antisemitism, but not much left-wing antisemitism. This paper challenges that research, at least for the U.S., offering an alternative [...] Read more.
Antisemitism has been found on both the extreme left and right among political elites. However, at the mass public level, limited research suggests right-wing antisemitism, but not much left-wing antisemitism. This paper challenges that research, at least for the U.S., offering an alternative theory. The theory argues that the lowest levels of antisemitism will be found among mainstream liberals and conservatives. Ideological moderates will exhibit higher rates of antisemitism, while those lacking an ideological orientation will show still higher antisemitic rates. Extremists of the right and left may be more antisemitic than mainstream conservatives and liberals, but the inability of standard ideological self-placement questions to distinguish extreme ideologues from the very conservative/liberal makes it difficult to test the extremism hypothesis. Numerous items measuring attitudes towards Jews in the U.S. across five major surveys finds overwhelming support for the mainstream philosemitism theory. The conclusion puts the findings into perspective and offers suggestions regarding future research. Full article
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