Europe, Religion and Secularization: Trends, Paradoxes and Dilemmas

A special issue of Religions (ISSN 2077-1444).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 2160

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Social Sciences, Education and Administration, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: religion–state relations; secularization; cultural diversity; religious freedom; religions in Europe
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Sociology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK
Interests: sociology of religion; religion in Europe; multiple modernities

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The study of and debate about religion in Europe remains surprisingly vibrant. The exploration of avenues for understanding the impact of modernity on religion (both institutional and individual) has ensured both abundant data and epistemological advances, as evidenced by the recent and widely read Special Issue of Religions.

The pressures are real. Historical processes and their continual updating, cultural and religious diversity, new forms of religiosity and spirituality including so-called religious “nones”, demographic issues, digital mass media, the ‘new’ youth (millennials and generation Z), gender issues, sexualities, political and religious populism, religious freedom or lack thereof, new forms of state–church relations, new forms of evangelization, environmental concerns, the effects of the pandemic, and the return of war to the European continent all demand that we, as researchers, constantly update both our data and our understandings of the relationship and tensions between religion and modernity in and across Europe.

The conceptual pressures are similar. The epistemological avenues opened up by the debate on multiple modernities and, consequently, multiple secularizations, compel us to revisit in a more contextual manner the grand narratives (especially those of subtraction) of secularization. Europe has long since ceased to be seen as a homogeneous reality, i.e., a single exceptional case of secularization, contrasting with a ‘furiously religious’ world (as Peter Berger termed it). This does not, however, diminish the European continent’s attractiveness for those researching the relationship between modernization and religion. On the contrary, research on secularization in Europe is more than ever relevant due to continually changing circumstances, diverse modeling, multiple secularizations, and the specific arrangements that emerge from the experiences of each European state and society.

Keeping this complexity in mind, this Special Issue invites researchers interested in looking again at the role of religion in European societies to submit proposals, with a view to expanding and deepening the debate on what is happening in Europe. Proposals will be accepted that hold a dialogue with the topics mentioned above and that open new ways of discussing and understanding the place of religion in European societies. We welcome contributions from a variety of disciplines, including but not limited to: sociology of religion, history (exploring the evolution of secularization processes), philosophy of religion (with a particular emphasis on theoretical studies and understanding the fallacies of the secular age), political science (examining the evolution of state–church relations), and international relations (analyzing the role of religion in the European Union and its function as a tool for global action).

We request that, prior to submitting a manuscript, interested authors initially submit a proposed title and an abstract of 200-300 words summarizing their intended contribution. Please send it to the Guest Editor, or to the Assistant Editor Sandee Pan (sandee.pan@mdpi.com) of Religions. Abstracts will be reviewed by the Guest Editors for the purposes of ensuring proper fit within the scope of the Special Issue. Full manuscripts will undergo double-blind peer review.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Jorge Botelho Moniz
Prof. Dr. Grace Davie
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Religions is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Europe
  • modernity
  • secularization
  • religion and politics

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 1095 KB  
Article
Secular Media, Religious Activists: The Role of Religion in Anti-Gender Mobilizations in Europe
by Giulia Evolvi
Religions 2025, 16(12), 1525; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16121525 - 4 Dec 2025
Abstract
Anti-gender groups, by promoting a Christian-inspired traditional view of family, challenge the idea that European society is becoming more secular. Given that previous literature has highlighted how these groups extensively use digital media and are connected to the Vatican, this article explores the [...] Read more.
Anti-gender groups, by promoting a Christian-inspired traditional view of family, challenge the idea that European society is becoming more secular. Given that previous literature has highlighted how these groups extensively use digital media and are connected to the Vatican, this article explores the following questions: How do anti-gender groups discuss religion on social media? What is the role of religion for anti-gender activists? By means of a review of research on anti-gender movements, secularism, and activism, this article argues that anti-gender groups do not directly contribute to the growth of religious institutions but use religion to bring actors together in mobilizations, in what I define as an instance of Christian transcalar activism. A mixed-method approach, including quantitative and qualitative analysis of the Instagram pages of the anti-gender group CitizenGO, combined with observations and interviews with activists, suggests that religion is not a central topic in digital narratives, which mainly construct a perceived marginalization of Christians in secular society; however, Catholicism is fundamental for activists as a motivation for action and a socialization force. In conclusion, anti-gender groups’ digital media use connects different actors and mobilizes people who are already religious and who engage in activism through their religious communities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Europe, Religion and Secularization: Trends, Paradoxes and Dilemmas)
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18 pages, 327 KB  
Article
Right-Wing Populist Parties as Agents of Religionization or Secularization? An Analysis of the Italian Case
by Luca Ozzano
Religions 2025, 16(12), 1521; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16121521 - 2 Dec 2025
Viewed by 168
Abstract
Since the 1990s, but especially in the early 21st century, a new family of right-wing populist parties has become a stable feature of Western European party systems. These parties, linked by several studies to new cleavages related to globalization processes and values changes [...] Read more.
Since the 1990s, but especially in the early 21st century, a new family of right-wing populist parties has become a stable feature of Western European party systems. These parties, linked by several studies to new cleavages related to globalization processes and values changes which have happened since the late 20th century, are also marked by a new use of religion. In their worldview, this latter is indeed mainly an identity and civilization marker, related to the belonging, rather than believing or behaving, dimension. As a consequence, while they promote Christian symbols in the public sphere and are actively engaged in debates related to morality politics and multicultural society, they also contribute to processes of banalization and culturalization of faith, and to the delegitimization of religious leaders and institutions. For this reason, the scholarly community is divided about their role as promoters of religion, or, rather, as (maybe unintentional) agents of secularization. This article will try to contribute to this discussion by analyzing the Italian case. Italy is indeed an interesting laboratory for the study of right-wing populism, with the development over the past few decades of two state-wide parties belonging to the right-wing populist family, the League and Brothers of Italy, both currently part of the Meloni cabinet. The article will analyze the historical roots of the parties and their developments, their manifestos, their policy proposals, and their relations with religious institutions and symbols to reflect on the two parties’ uses of religion for political aims, and their meaning in relation to the above-mentioned theoretical debates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Europe, Religion and Secularization: Trends, Paradoxes and Dilemmas)
14 pages, 260 KB  
Article
The Sociocultural Change Under the Sacred Canopy in Italy
by Enzo Pace
Religions 2025, 16(12), 1473; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16121473 - 21 Nov 2025
Viewed by 396
Abstract
The article describes the sociocultural change under the sacred canopy in a country with a deep Catholic tradition in Europe, focusing on the indicators of secularization in Italy, drawn from the most recent national surveys. One of the most significant results is the [...] Read more.
The article describes the sociocultural change under the sacred canopy in a country with a deep Catholic tradition in Europe, focusing on the indicators of secularization in Italy, drawn from the most recent national surveys. One of the most significant results is the increase in nuns and spiritual but not religious people, especially among the younger generations. Nonetheless, for the majority of Italians, Catholicism is still part of the social framework of collective memory. At the same time, immigration is contributing to a changing religious geography: Italian society is transitioning from a monopoly regime (a dominant church-based religion) to one characterized by the pluralism of faiths. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Europe, Religion and Secularization: Trends, Paradoxes and Dilemmas)
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