Sacred Harmony: Music and Spiritual Transformation

A special issue of Religions (ISSN 2077-1444).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2026 | Viewed by 1577

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Philosophy, Religious Studies and Asian Studies, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
Interests: philosophy; South Asia; religion; theology; ethics; the arts; music
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The recent rise in interest in the combined study of religion and music has led to the book, Musicology of Religion: Theories, Methods, and Directions (2023), authored by our own Guest Editor, in which the historical background of religion and music is surveyed and developed methodologically in terms of a distinct subject area. A principal focus in this book is the near-universal pairing of music and religious ritual over centuries. The link is so widespread that the argument can be made that, until modernity, there was virtually no ritual without music or chant, and almost no music without ritual. Since ritual or liturgy is a primary operative dimension of religious, and many secular, activities, this realization underscores the potency of music as a near-indispensable component of spiritual transformation. Beside the principal world religions, there are countless lesser-known examples of how music and chant are interwoven with religious practice and ritual behavior throughout history and across the globe. As this approach is in the nascent stage, it is hoped that more research will be forthcoming, as proposed in this Special Issue.

We are pleased to announce this Special Issue, “Sacred Harmony: Music and Spiritual Transformation”, which seeks original contributions that provide new insight into the topic of music as part of religious or spiritual transformation. Spiritual transformation refers to all forms of life-changing experiences involving the sacred, including conversion, a deepened relation to God or the Absolute, religious ecstasy, or a change in worldview or ideology enabled by music. To assist in this project, the term ’harmony’ is employed, not in reference to modern harmonics or counterpoint, but to its original Greek understanding of harmonia as the ‘fitting together’ of two items or elements. In the material sense, this meant the fitting together of wooden beams; in the metaphysical interpretation, the link between the soul and the divine. Basic questions are advanced: what role does music play in spiritual transformation? In singing or chanting, is it the words or strictly the musical features that act as agents of transformation? Exploring the depth of one tradition, or comparing traditions, the methods of approach may include phenomenology, history of religions, philosophy, esthetics, theology, ritual studies, liturgical studies, social sciences, ethnomusicology, and cognitive studies. Any example of the confluence of music and religious practice worldwide is welcome, whether traditional or popular, and may involve references to sacred songs and chants, musical instruments, rites of passage, or liturgical action. Beside ritual or ceremonial activity, other forms of practice can be included: meditation, contemplation, solo performance, etc. The contributions need not be representative of a particular world religion but may instead focus on an example of religious practice that is tangential to or outside of an established religion. This Special Issue complements and enlarges upon the two previous MDPI Special Issues by this Guest Editor: “Tuning In the Sacred: Studies in Music and World Religions” (2021) and “Musicology of Religion: Selected Papers on Religion and Music” (2024).

References

Engelhardt, Jeffers, and Philip V. Bohlman, eds. 2016. Resounding Transcendence: Transitions in Music, Religion and Ritual. New York: Oxford University Press.

Godwin, Joscelyn. 1987. Harmonies of Heaven and Earth: The Spiritual Dimension of Music from Antiquity to the Avant-Garde. Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions.

Godwin, Joscelyn, ed. 1986. Music, Mysticism, and Magic: A Sourcebook. New York and London: Routledge.

Guzy, Lidia. 2008. Religion and Music: Proceedings of the Interdisciplinary Workshop at the Institute for Scientific Studies of Religions, Freie Universität Berlin, May 2006. Berlin, Germany: Weißensee Verlag.

Jimenez, Raquel, Rupert Till, and Michael Howell, eds. 2013. Music and Ritual: Bridging Material and Living Cultures. Berlin: Ekho Verlag.

Ralls-MacLeod, Karen. 2000. Music and the Celtic Otherworld: From Ireland to Iona. Edinburgh: Polygon.

Ralls-Macleod, Karen and Graham Harvey, eds. 2000. Indigenous Religious Music (with CD). London: University of London.

Stone-Davis, Ferdia J., ed. 2020 (2015). Music and Transcendence. London and Oxford: Ashgate, New York: Routledge.

Wuidar, Lawrence, ed. 2010. Music and Esotericism. Leiden: Brill.

Prof. Dr. Guy Beck
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • music
  • spirituality
  • sacred sound
  • ritual
  • liturgy
  • philosophy of music
  • theology of music
  • religious studies
  • ethnomusicology
  • musicology of religion

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

41 pages, 3959 KB  
Article
Turkish Religious Music in the Funeral Ceremonies of Sufi Orders
by Mustafa DEMİRCİ
Religions 2025, 16(12), 1578; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16121578 (registering DOI) - 15 Dec 2025
Abstract
In the history of Turkish-Islamic culture, every stage of human life—from birth to death—has been ritualized with profound symbolic and spiritual meanings. Turkish religious music has functioned as a fundamental element in these transitional phases, possessing both aesthetic and devotional dimensions. In individual [...] Read more.
In the history of Turkish-Islamic culture, every stage of human life—from birth to death—has been ritualized with profound symbolic and spiritual meanings. Turkish religious music has functioned as a fundamental element in these transitional phases, possessing both aesthetic and devotional dimensions. In individual rites of passage such as naming, circumcision, beginning school, and marriage, as well as in collective rituals such as bidding farewell to and welcoming Hajj pilgrims or observing religious days and nights, Turkish religious music has held a significant place. Confronting death—an inevitable and sorrowful reality of life—Turkish society has employed religious music as a consolatory and spiritually guiding medium, transforming it into a ritual mode of expression intended to soften the disruptive impact of death and to give meaning to the mourning process. Sufi order funerals represent one of the manifestations of this aesthetic depth. In this context, (Janāza) funeral ceremonies are not merely occasions of farewell but also rites of metaphysical acceptance and surrender. Since death is considered not an end but “wuṣlat,” that is, reunion with the Absolute Truth (al-Ḥaqq), within Sufi thought, the funeral rites of Sufi orders have been shaped accordingly. In Mawlawī, Bektāshī, Jarrahī, and Rifāʿī orders, not only the canonical funeral prayer (ṣalāt al-janāza) but also various forms of religious music are performed, imparting both aesthetic and spiritual depth to the ceremony. This study aims to examine the religious musical practices present in the funeral ceremonies of these four major Sufi orders, all of which have historically maintained a close relationship with music. A qualitative ritual-musicological approach has been adopted; semi-structured interviews were conducted with the Shaykh of the Rifāʿī order, the Zakirbaşı of the Jarrahī branch of the Khalwatī order, and a Dede of the Bektāshī order. The data sources of the study consist of interview materials, archival-based works, literature on the history of Sufism, sources on Turkish religious music, and digital recordings of Sufi orders’ funeral rituals. The limited number of interviews were analyzed through thematic analysis, while textual analysis and contextual interpretation were employed to examine in detail “the musical forms, thematic structures, performance contexts, and symbolic functions” present in these rituals. Preliminary findings indicate that the music unique to Sufi order funerals fulfills multiple functions, including “spiritual consolation, strengthening social solidarity, doctrinal expression of belief in the afterlife, and transforming mourning into a sacred experience.” The funeral traditions of the four orders examined possess distinctive musical structures, and these structures constitute an identifiable aesthetic form within the Ottoman and Turkish religious-musical tradition. It has also been determined that the repertory performed in Sufi orders’ funeral ceremonies is largely rooted in the tekke (Sufi lodge) musical tradition and that various forms of Turkish religious music are prominently represented in these rituals. This study has brought to light the religious musical repertory performed within the funeral rituals of Sufi orders—an area that has remained insufficiently explored to date—and has demonstrated that this repertory exerts positive psychosocial effects on both Sufi adherents and other participants in their approach to death. In this respect, the study sheds light on the repertory of Turkish religious music and offers an original contribution to the scholarly literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sacred Harmony: Music and Spiritual Transformation)
13 pages, 267 KB  
Article
How Musical Is God?
by Susan Quindag
Religions 2025, 16(10), 1241; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16101241 - 28 Sep 2025
Viewed by 778
Abstract
In 1973, British musician, social anthropologist, and ethnomusicologist John Blacking published his seminal work, How Musical is Man? In this book, Blacking describes his 1950s ethnographic study of the Venda people in South Africa, which explores how humans develop and interact with music. [...] Read more.
In 1973, British musician, social anthropologist, and ethnomusicologist John Blacking published his seminal work, How Musical is Man? In this book, Blacking describes his 1950s ethnographic study of the Venda people in South Africa, which explores how humans develop and interact with music. For this transcendent autoethnography, I transform Blacking’s book title into a transcendent research question and ask, “How musical is God?” Springboarding off four of Blacking’s principles, I answer this question from the perspective of a Christian and music educator who believes the Bible is the foundation of truth. I explore the mystery of God, humans, and music by referring to the account of the creation in Genesis 1 and 2 and other related verses in the Bible. The exploration encompasses the sonic order wisely created by God, the cognitive system that reflects humans as God’s image bearers, how music is structured reality for things unseen and necessary for faith, and beauty as a God-ordained component for rest. I conclude the paper by answering, “How musical is God?” by reconciling my response to biblical truth in the Christian tradition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sacred Harmony: Music and Spiritual Transformation)
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