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Advances in Organoid Technology—Selected Papers from "Organoids Are Us 2022"
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Advances in Organoid Technology—Selected Papers from "Organoids Are Us 2022"

A special issue of Organoids (ISSN 2674-1172).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 26003

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Elizabeth Vincan

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Infectious Diseases, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
2. Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
Interests: Wnt signalling; Frizzled; cancer; organoids; infectious disease; host–pathogen interactions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Tony Burgess

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
2. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
Interests: colon cancer; crypt homeostasis; Wnt signalling; EGF signalling; systems biology
Prof. Dr. Nick Barker

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673, Singapore
2. Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 9201192, Japan
Interests: stem cells; organoid models of homeostasis disease; cancer; Wnt signalling
Prof. Dr. Joseph Torresi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
Interests: infectious diseases; tropical medicine; 3D culture; liver cancer; hepatitis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue titled “Advances in Organoid Technology—Selected Papers from Organoids Are Us 2022” will be published in Organoids (ISSN 2674-1172), and is dedicated to the publication and discussion of talks presented at the “Organoids Are Us” 2022 symposium, organised by Professor Elizabeth Vincan and Dr. Maree Faux. 

Participants of the conference are cordially invited to contribute original research papers or reviews fully free of charge to this Special Issue of Organoids. We welcome submissions of previously unpublished original work on all aspects and applications of organoids.

About the “Organoids Are Us” symposium:

Organoids, lab-grown miniature models of organs, are transforming science and medicine. Researchers have developed them from a vast array of organs, including gut, stomach, liver, brain and kidneys, to understand how tissues develop and repair. Organoids established from healthy tissues are proving to be excellent models of authentic infection, as they recapitulate the essential features of organs. Organoids can also be generated from tumour cells to mimic cancers and help predict how an individual will respond to a drug, making personalised medicine a reality. This symposium includes talks by researchers using organoid technology to advance our understanding of stem cells, development and human disease. 

The ”Organoids Are Us” symposium is now in its fourth year, and will be  held on Tuesday 2 August 2022 at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI). It provides a snap shot of the advances in organoid technology. Invited speakers and committee members are invited to contribute articles to this Special Issue on the symposium. These symposia were conceived and named “Organoids Are Us” by Special Issue Guest Editor Professor Elizabeth Vincan because “organoids” are indeed “us”. 

If you want to know what to expect, follow the link below to see what happened at last year's event  (https://www.doherty.edu.au/uploads/content_doc/OrU2021_Sessions_Video_Links_V2.pdf). 

Prof. Dr. Elizabeth Vincan
Prof. Dr. Tony Burgess
Prof. Dr. Nick Barker
Prof. Dr. Joseph Torresi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Organoids is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • organoids in developmental biology
  • gene therapy and regenerative medicine
  • cancer research and drug screening
  • modeling infectious disease

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 204 KiB  
Editorial
Organoids Are Us
by Elizabeth Vincan
Organoids 2023, 2(2), 120-122; https://doi.org/10.3390/organoids2020009 - 16 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1874
Abstract
“Organoids Are Us” is an annual one-day symposium organised to highlight the advances in science and medicine that are the direct result of organoid technology [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Organoid Technology—Selected Papers from "Organoids Are Us 2022")

Research

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20 pages, 3208 KiB  
Article
Development of Matrix-Embedded Bovine Tracheal Organoids to Study the Innate Immune Response against Bovine Respiratory Disease
by Pin Shie Quah, Bang M. Tran, Vincent D.A. Corbin, Jessie J.-Y. Chang, Chinn Yi Wong, Andrés Diaz-Méndez, Carol A. Hartley, Weiguang Zeng, Eric Hanssen, Zlatan Trifunovic, Patrick C. Reading, David C. Jackson, Elizabeth Vincan, Lachlan J.M. Coin and Georgia Deliyannis
Organoids 2023, 2(2), 82-101; https://doi.org/10.3390/organoids2020007 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3290
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle. Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) is one of the main culprits of BRD; however, research on BHV-1 is hampered by the lack of suitable models for infection and drug testing. [...] Read more.
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle. Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) is one of the main culprits of BRD; however, research on BHV-1 is hampered by the lack of suitable models for infection and drug testing. In this study, we established a novel bovine tracheal organoid culture grown in a basement membrane extract type 2 (BME2) matrix and compared it with the air–liquid interface (ALI) culture system. After differentiation, the matrix-embedded organoids developed beating cilia and demonstrated a transcriptomic profile similar to the ALI culture system. The matrix-embedded organoids were also highly susceptible to BHV-1 infection and immune stimulation by Pam2Cys, an immunomodulator, which resulted in robust cytokine production and tracheal antimicrobial peptide mRNA upregulation. However, treatment of bovine tracheal organoid cultures with Pam2Cys was not sufficient to inhibit viral infection or replication, suggesting a role of the non-epithelial cellular microenvironment in vivo. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Organoid Technology—Selected Papers from "Organoids Are Us 2022")
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13 pages, 1307 KiB  
Article
Decellularization of Mouse Kidneys to Generate an Extracellular Matrix Gel for Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Renal Organoids
by Sparshita Nag and Ashleigh S. Boyd
Organoids 2023, 2(1), 66-78; https://doi.org/10.3390/organoids2010005 - 22 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2926
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality characterized by progressive renal fibrosis, and in extreme cases, renal failure. Human CKD models that replicate the biological complexity of the kidney and CKD are lacking and will be invaluable in [...] Read more.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality characterized by progressive renal fibrosis, and in extreme cases, renal failure. Human CKD models that replicate the biological complexity of the kidney and CKD are lacking and will be invaluable in identifying drugs to revert and/or prevent fibrosis. To address this unmet need, we developed 3D renal organoids where human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were differentiated to renal progenitors within a renal extracellular matrix (rECM) gel, based on the premise that an rECM could recreate the renal niche to facilitate hiPSC-derived renal progenitor generation. We used mouse kidneys as a source of rECM and identified that superior detergent-mediated decellularization of mouse kidneys was achieved with a combination of 0.5% w/v Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate and 1% v/v Triton-X and mechanical agitation for 60 h. HiPSCs that underwent specification to become metanephric mesenchyme (MM) were subsequently cultured within the rECM gel and, notably, mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) was observed, as judged by expression of nephron markers K-cadherin, Nephrin and WT1. These data demonstrate a role for rECM gel in developing human renal organoids from hiPSCs, which will aid the further development of a human disease model for renal fibrosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Organoid Technology—Selected Papers from "Organoids Are Us 2022")
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19 pages, 3957 KiB  
Article
High-Throughput Live and Fixed Cell Imaging Method to Screen Matrigel-Embedded Organoids
by Susanne Ramm, Robert Vary, Twishi Gulati, Jennii Luu, Karla J. Cowley, Michael S. Janes, Nicholas Radio and Kaylene J. Simpson
Organoids 2023, 2(1), 1-19; https://doi.org/10.3390/organoids2010001 - 24 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 7330
Abstract
Technical advances in microscopy and automation have enabled image-based phenotypic screening of spheroids and organoids to become increasingly high throughput and high content at the same time. In particular, matrix-embedded 3D structures can recapitulate many aspects of parent (e.g., patient) tissues. Live-cell imaging [...] Read more.
Technical advances in microscopy and automation have enabled image-based phenotypic screening of spheroids and organoids to become increasingly high throughput and high content at the same time. In particular, matrix-embedded 3D structures can recapitulate many aspects of parent (e.g., patient) tissues. Live-cell imaging of growing structures allows tremendous insight into population heterogeneity during drug treatment. However, screening for targeted markers and more detailed morphological analyses typically require fixation of 3D structures, and standard formaldehyde (FA) incubation conditions can dissolve collagen-based extracellular matrices such as Matrigel. The dislocation and clumping of the spheroids make image-based segmentation very difficult and the tracking of structures from the live cell stage to their fixed cell location virtually impossible. In this method, we present a fixation and staining protocol that is gentle enough to maintain 3D structures exactly in their live-cell location and does not alter their morphology. This opens up analytical strategies that connect the spheroid’s growth kinetics and heterogeneity of treatment responses with the more targeted fixed cell stains. Furthermore, we optimized the automated seeding and imaging of spheroids so that screening and phenotypic characterization can be performed in high-throughput at either low or high magnification and yield the same result, independent of the microscope used. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Organoid Technology—Selected Papers from "Organoids Are Us 2022")
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Review

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13 pages, 2513 KiB  
Review
Applications for Colon Organoid Models in Cancer Research
by Matthew J. Munro, Swee T. Tan and Clint Gray
Organoids 2023, 2(1), 37-49; https://doi.org/10.3390/organoids2010003 - 12 Jan 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 8225
Abstract
Organoids are 3D organ-like structures grown from stem cells in vitro that mimic the organ or disease from which they are derived. Due to their stem cell origin, organoids contain a heterogeneous population of cells reflecting the diversity of cell types seen in [...] Read more.
Organoids are 3D organ-like structures grown from stem cells in vitro that mimic the organ or disease from which they are derived. Due to their stem cell origin, organoids contain a heterogeneous population of cells reflecting the diversity of cell types seen in vivo. Similarly, tumour organoids reflect intratumoural heterogeneity in a way that traditional 2D cell culture and cell lines do not, and, therefore, they show greater promise as a more relevant model for effective disease modelling and drug testing. Tumour organoids arise from cancer stem cells, which contribute to many of the greatest challenges to cancer treatment, including therapy resistance, tumour recurrence, and metastasis. In this review, we outline methods for generating colon organoids from patient-derived normal and tumour tissues. Furthermore, we discuss organoid biobanking, applications of organoids in disease modelling, and a range of platforms applicable to high-throughput drug testing, including apical-out/reverse-polarity colon organoids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Organoid Technology—Selected Papers from "Organoids Are Us 2022")
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