Impacts of Climate Change on the Fitness and Survival of Marine Organisms

A special issue of Oceans (ISSN 2673-1924).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (17 June 2021) | Viewed by 6757

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
Interests: ecosystems; ecotoxicology; environmental chemistry; environmental pollution; environmental risk assessment; physiology
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Guest Editor
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
Interests: climate amelioration; ecological restoration; ecosystem engineering; facilitation; socio-ecological systems; temperature extremes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Drastic increases in CO2 emissions over the last century have caused substantial changes to the Earth’s systems, with unprecedented climate change predicted for the coming decades. As the global CO2 concentration surges, the rapid rate of warming and acidification of our oceans and increased occurrence of extreme weather events will increasingly challenge the survival of marine organisms.  

How climate change impacts the fitness and survival of marine organisms has captured scientific attention worldwide. Although many studies demonstrated the detrimental effects of climate change on marine organisms, growing evidence reveals limited or even positive effects, suggesting that some marine organisms may be able to adapt to climate change. More research is required to understand what drives the success or failure of organismal responses.

This Special Issue aims to elucidate how climate change affects the fitness and survival of marine organisms. Evidence can be based on laboratory or field data. We welcome original papers addressing research themes including, but not limited to, the following:

  1. Impacts of climate change (e.g., hypoxia, ocean acidification, and ocean warming) and extreme weather (e.g., heatwaves and rainstorms) on marine organisms from the molecular to population levels;
  2. Adaptive mechanisms allowing marine organisms to adjust to climate change;
  3. Current and future modifications to the structure and function of marine communities or ecosystems;
  4. Management solutions to assist the adaptation of marine organisms to the changing conditions; and
  5. Other factors that may modulate the effects of climate change on marine organisms (e.g., eutrophication, marine pollution, etc.)
Dr. Jonathan Y.S. Leung
Dr. Dominic McAfee
Guest Editors

 

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

34 pages, 3317 KiB  
Article
Divergent Proteomic Responses Offer Insights into Resistant Physiological Responses of a Reef-Foraminifera to Climate Change Scenarios
by Marleen Stuhr, Louise P. Cameron, Bernhard Blank-Landeshammer, Claire E. Reymond, Steve S. Doo, Hildegard Westphal, Albert Sickmann and Justin B. Ries
Oceans 2021, 2(2), 281-314; https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans2020017 - 1 Apr 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5635
Abstract
Reef-dwelling calcifiers face numerous environmental stresses associated with anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, including ocean acidification and warming. Photosymbiont-bearing calcifiers, such as large benthic foraminifera, are particularly sensitive to climate change. To gain insight into their responses to near-future conditions, Amphistegina lobifera from the [...] Read more.
Reef-dwelling calcifiers face numerous environmental stresses associated with anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, including ocean acidification and warming. Photosymbiont-bearing calcifiers, such as large benthic foraminifera, are particularly sensitive to climate change. To gain insight into their responses to near-future conditions, Amphistegina lobifera from the Gulf of Aqaba were cultured under three pCO2 conditions (492, 963, 3182 ppm) crossed with two temperature conditions (28 °C, 31 °C) for two months. Differential protein abundances in host and photosymbionts were investigated alongside physiological responses and microenvironmental pH gradients assessed via proton microsensors. Over 1000 proteins were identified, of which > 15% varied significantly between treatments. Thermal stress predominantly reduced protein abundances, and holobiont growth. Elevated pCO2 caused only minor proteomic alterations and color changes. Notably, pH at the test surface decreased with increasing pCO2 under all light/dark and temperature combinations. However, the difference between [H+] at the test surface and [H+] in the seawater—a measure of the organism’s mitigation of the acidified conditions—increased with light and pCO2. Combined stressors resulted in reduced pore sizes and increased microenvironmental pH gradients, indicating acclimative mechanisms that support calcite test production and/or preservation under climate change. Substantial proteomic variations at moderate-pCO2 and 31 °C and putative decreases in test stability at high-pCO2 and 31 °C indicate cellular modifications and impacts on calcification, in contrast to the LBFs’ apparently stable overall physiological performance. Our experiment shows that the effects of climate change can be missed when stressors are assessed in isolation, and that physiological responses should be assessed across organismal levels to make more meaningful inferences about the fate of reef calcifiers. Full article
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