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Risk Factors and Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery: 2nd Edition
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Risk Factors and Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (ISSN 2308-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiac Surgery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 1442

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jae Hwan Choi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
Interests: cardiothoracic surgery; outcomes research; mechanical circulatory support; heart transplantation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of cardiac surgery has seen remarkable development in recent years, owing to new technological advancements granting room for surgical outcome improvement at the expense of growing procedural complexities. As such, the role of research in identifying procedural outcomes and their related risk factors is proving to be more important than ever. Through these academic endeavors, we as surgeons are able to draw evidence-based conclusions regarding surgical techniques, identify areas of improvement, and make apt clinical decisions to better serve our often feeble patient population. In this Special Issue of The Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, we invite you to contribute your research on procedural outcomes and patient risk factors pertaining to cardiac surgery. We hope that this Special Issue can provide the readers with a comprehensive and up-to-date view of the surgical modalities currently available and offer a forum for in-depth discussions regarding their clinical implications.

Dr. Jae Hwan Choi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiac surgery
  • outcomes research
  • risk factor analysis
  • mechanical circulatory support
  • heart transplantation

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 545 KB  
Article
When Mitral Repair Fails: Understanding Recurrence, Risk Factors, and Treatment Choices
by Elisa Mikus, Mariafrancesca Fiorentino, Diego Sangiorgi, Niki Bernardoni, Roberto Nerla, Simone Calvi, Elena Tenti, Fausto Castriota and Carlo Savini
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2026, 13(5), 189; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd13050189 - 29 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Background: Reintervention after mitral valve repair represents a relevant clinical challenge, yet the mechanisms and timing of repair failure remain incompletely defined. Understanding how the interval between index repair and reoperation affects failure mechanisms and the feasibility of repeat repair may help refine [...] Read more.
Background: Reintervention after mitral valve repair represents a relevant clinical challenge, yet the mechanisms and timing of repair failure remain incompletely defined. Understanding how the interval between index repair and reoperation affects failure mechanisms and the feasibility of repeat repair may help refine surgical strategies. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 194 patients undergoing repeat mitral valve surgery between 2010 and 2025 after prior repair. Median age was 70 years and 61.3% were male. Patients were stratified by time to reoperation: 0–5 years (n = 91), 6–10 years (n = 42), and >10 years (n = 61). Median left ventricular ejection fraction was 58%, atrial fibrillation prevalence 32.5%, minimally invasive approach 21.6%, and EuroSCORE II 4.8%. Results: Baseline characteristics and operative risk were comparable across groups. However, mechanisms of repair failure differed significantly. Early failures were more commonly due to recurrent leaflet prolapse (47.8%), whereas late failures showed a higher incidence of mitral stenosis (63.9%). The rate of repeat mitral repair decreased over time, being higher in early failures compared with intermediate and late failures (17.6% vs. 14.3% vs. 8.2%). Conclusions: Timing of mitral repair failure is associated with distinct mechanisms and influences surgical management. Early failures are more frequently related to prolapse recurrence and are more amenable to re-repair, whereas late failures are characterized by structural degeneration and more often require valve replacement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Factors and Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery: 2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 695 KB  
Article
Neurological Complications in Surgical Patients with Left-Sided Infective Endocarditis: Risk Factors, Prognosis, and Surgical Timing
by Zining Wu, Jun Zheng, Qi Miao, Shangdong Xu, Guotao Ma, Xingrong Liu, Jianzhou Liu, Sheng Yang, Yanxue Zhao, Xinpei Liu and Chaoji Zhang
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2026, 13(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd13010013 - 24 Dec 2025
Viewed by 635
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to explore the baseline characteristics, risk factors, and prognosis of surgical patients with left-sided valvular infective endocarditis (IE) complicated by preoperative neurological complications, as well as the impact of complication subtypes and surgical timing on outcomes. [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of this study was to explore the baseline characteristics, risk factors, and prognosis of surgical patients with left-sided valvular infective endocarditis (IE) complicated by preoperative neurological complications, as well as the impact of complication subtypes and surgical timing on outcomes. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 605 consecutive surgical patients with left-sided valvular IE (May 2012–June 2024) was performed. Patients were stratified into neurological complication and non-complication groups, with 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) balancing baseline confounders. Six neurological complication subtypes were defined; surgical timing was categorized as early (≤7 days for infarction, ≤30 days for hemorrhage) or delayed. Logistic/Cox regression analyzed risk factors and prognosis; subgroup analyses compared modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores, and Kaplan–Meier curves evaluated long-term survival. Results: Mitral valve involvement, highly mobile vegetations, and longer IE symptom-to-surgery time were risk factors for neurological complications. After PSM balancing, the neurological complications group had similar in-hospital, long-term mortality to the control group, but a significantly higher new-onset cerebral complication rate. In total, 81.5% of complication patients achieving mRS ≤ 2 (good functional status) with infarction showed improved postoperative mRS scores. Cerebral hemorrhage was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality, while cerebral hemorrhage and regional infarction were independent predictors of new-onset cerebral complication. Early surgery in infarction patients increased the neurological complication rate. Conclusion: Neurological complication incidence was 27.8%. Mitral valve involvement, high vegetation mobility, and preoperative emboli were risk factors. Except for preoperative cerebral hemorrhage and regional infarction, which increase the risk of in-hospital mortality, neurological complications overall do not affect short-term and long-term mortality rates, but increase the risk of postoperative neurological deterioration. Individualized surgical timing is recommended. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Factors and Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery: 2nd Edition)
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