Disability Studies and Disability Evaluation

A special issue of Healthcare (ISSN 2227-9032). This special issue belongs to the section "Chronic Care".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 March 2026 | Viewed by 7564

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Early Childhood, Special Education, & Counselor Education, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0001, USA
Interests: mental health; health outcomes; cultural diversity; gender issues; substance abuse; ethics; rehabilitation; counseling

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Early Childhood, Special Education, & Counselor Education, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0001, USA
Interests: quality of life; wellness promotion; community-based rehabilitation; life care planning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

(1) Disabilities studies focus on the experiences of people with disability and emphasizes the role of the disability community/culture in defining challenges and evaluating solutions (University of Washington, 2025). As an interdisciplinary field, disability studies examine the social, political, cultural, and economic factors related to disability. Disability studies emphasize the lived experiences and knowledges of disabled individuals, and with asking questions by placing disability at the center rather than the margin. Substantial emphasis is placed on challenging the medical model that characterizes biological aspects of disability and use of a deficit model. Disability studies challenge societal norms that contribute to marginalization of people with disability and shifts perspectives to a social and rights-based approach (Ferguson & Nusbaum, 2012). Implicit in disability studies is the recognition and challenge of the idea of the normal-abnormal binary of human variation (Association of American Medical Colleges, 2025). Views on being differently abled convey more empowering overtones than the term disability (Leshota & Sefotho, 2020), as well as recognition of variation of people with chronic illness and disability exist along a spectrum of health and function (Martinez, 2022).

As a philosophy and anthem, disability studies research is important because of the prevalence and incidence of people with disabilities, the survival rate of people with chronic illness and disability, and the number of people aging into disability. Moreover, insights from disability studies about the recognition that disability is a socio-political category have begun to affect the way social policy views its approach to people with disability (Holler & Ohayon, 2024). Understanding factors that influence health outcomes of people with disability is critical to improving these outcomes.      

(2) The Special Issues aims to evaluate how disability studies may impact service delivery and health and social outcomes of people with disability through examination of disability awareness and perceptions of health care providers and the influence of social factors on the quality of life of people with disability. Emphasis is placed on implications of individual, psychosocial, and organizational elements for improving health and mental health outcomes of people with chronic illness and disability. We invite you to submit empirical work that involves data-driven approaches, theoretical reviews, and case reports, and systematic reviews. We also embrace disability research practices that depart from the traditional norms of objective empirical methods void of culture and social implications. This approach could invite action-based or community-based research. We also would consider content analyses and systematic reviews if they offer notable contributions of disability health and outcomes. Finally, given the aims and scope of Healthcare, each submission should center medicine and healthcare, along with being international in scope.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but not limited to) the following:

  • An analysis of the effectiveness of disability policy
  • Disability inclusion
  • Disability awareness of health care workers
  • Persistence of ableism in medical education
  • Impact of disability studies in changing societal attitudes and perceptions about people with disability
  • Exploring the meaning of disability in society
  • Advancing equity and justice of disability health
  • Intersectionality and disability
  • The empowerment of the language of disability
  • Mental health status of people with disability

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Debra Harley
Dr. Siyi Chao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Healthcare is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • disability studies
  • disability evaluation
  • disability education
  • healthcare
  • health outcomes
  • health professionals
  • mental health
  • chronic illness

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 446 KB  
Article
Caregiver Burden in Early Intervention: A Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Causal Configurations
by Pau García-Grau, Julia Argente-Tormo, Gabriel Martínez-Rico and Rómulo J. González-García
Healthcare 2025, 13(23), 3026; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13233026 - 24 Nov 2025
Viewed by 261
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Caregiver burden is a well-documented phenomenon among families of children with disabilities, particularly within early childhood intervention contexts. Although family-centered practices aim to empower parents and foster collaborative relationships with professionals, the specific contribution of families’ psychological and social resources to caregiver [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Caregiver burden is a well-documented phenomenon among families of children with disabilities, particularly within early childhood intervention contexts. Although family-centered practices aim to empower parents and foster collaborative relationships with professionals, the specific contribution of families’ psychological and social resources to caregiver burden remains insufficiently understood. This study examined the combinations of psychosocial conditions associated with both high and low levels of caregiver burden in families receiving early intervention services. Methods: A total of 117 families of children aged 0–6 years enrolled in an early intervention center in Valencia, Spain, participated in the study. Caregiver burden was assessed using the Zarit Burden Interview. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was applied to identify the combinations of conditions that were necessary and sufficient for the presence or absence of caregiver burden. Results: No single condition was necessary for the outcome, but several sufficient combinations were identified. High caregiver burden was associated with configurations involving low resilience, limited perceived social support, and reduced coping capacity, whereas low burden emerged from configurations characterized by stronger psychosocial resources, particularly high family confidence, resilience, and social support. The solutions showed high consistency and coverage, indicating robust explanatory models for both outcomes. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that caregiver burden in early intervention arises not from isolated factors but from specific interactions among psychosocial conditions. Understanding these causal combinations provides a more nuanced perspective on family functioning and highlights the importance of strengthening resilience and social support within early intervention programs to reduce caregiver burden and promote family well-being. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disability Studies and Disability Evaluation)
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12 pages, 315 KB  
Article
The Questions, Challenges, and Possibilities When Joining Critical Disabilities Studies and Healthcare Research
by Madelyn Toman, Meredith Atanasio and Pamela B. Teaster
Healthcare 2025, 13(22), 2925; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13222925 - 15 Nov 2025
Viewed by 288
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Interdisciplinary research teams that include critical disability studies (CDS) scholars and Healthcare and Medical Researchers have the potential to investigate complex lived experiences and explore new opportunities to best serve disabled communities. However, individuals in these fields typically approach disability research in [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Interdisciplinary research teams that include critical disability studies (CDS) scholars and Healthcare and Medical Researchers have the potential to investigate complex lived experiences and explore new opportunities to best serve disabled communities. However, individuals in these fields typically approach disability research in different ways. Throughout this manuscript, we refer to a hypothetical interdisciplinary research team as an example of how to integrate the questions, challenges, and possibilities into practice when joining CDS and Healthcare and Medical Research. Discussion: First, we raise three large and complex questions that researchers must address (and discuss) when conducting disability research: (a) what is (a) disability, (b) what does it mean to live with a disability, and (c) who is included in research samples/as research participants for disability research? Then, we discuss the colliding and harmful relationship history between CDS and Healthcare and Medical Research fields, and the continued oppositional training of professionals in both fields. Finally, we offer insights into how collaborative efforts and methods of interdisciplinary research teams can optimize success when tackling complex research questions to serve disabled communities. Conclusions: We suggest approaches for projects at the intersection of CDS and Healthcare and Medical Research: holistic, person-centered research, treating individuals in the disability community as experts, and collaborating with the community while conducting research. This manuscript serves as a starting point for researcher teams looking to conduct ethical, rigorous, and trustworthy research at the intersection of health, medicine, and disability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disability Studies and Disability Evaluation)
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15 pages, 473 KB  
Article
The Impact of Support Intensity Needs on Person-Centred Case Management
by Paolo Bianchi, Marco Lombardi, Luigi Croce, Antonio Caserta and Roberta Speziale
Healthcare 2025, 13(21), 2697; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13212697 - 25 Oct 2025
Viewed by 396
Abstract
Background: International and national policies increasingly call for person-centred approaches in disability services, yet little is known about how support intensity needs influence the allocation of resources for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs). In Italy, where integrated socio-health systems operate within [...] Read more.
Background: International and national policies increasingly call for person-centred approaches in disability services, yet little is known about how support intensity needs influence the allocation of resources for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs). In Italy, where integrated socio-health systems operate within a human rights framework, this quantitative study investigates how individual and contextual factors shape resource use in individualized support planning. Methods: We analyzed data from 1152 adults with IDDs enrolled in 23 service centres across 13 Italian regions. Case managers developed Individualized Support Plans (ISPs) informed by the Supports Intensity Scale and socio-ecological variables. Resource use was measured as weekly counts of adaptive skills training, community participation supports, habilitation services, prosthetics, and assistive technologies. We applied multivariate count models (Sarmanov–Lee) to capture the interdependence across support types. Results: Findings show that gender and level of intellectual functioning did not significantly affect resource allocation. However, individuals with the highest support intensity needs often received fewer supports, particularly in adaptive skills and community participation. Residential settings were associated with higher levels of support provision compared to family or independent living. Assistive technologies and prosthetics were linked with more comprehensive support packages. Conclusions: While person-centred planning frameworks are being implemented, systemic inequities remain, with those at the highest levels of need at risk of receiving fewer enabling supports. Multivariate modelling provides a robust tool for understanding resource use and highlights the importance of equity-focused planning. These findings support policy and practice reforms that operationalize human rights principles and align with the UNCRPD, ensuring more inclusive and responsive systems of support. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disability Studies and Disability Evaluation)
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15 pages, 245 KB  
Article
Aging Unequally: Functional Age Disparities Between Developmental and Non-Developmental Disabilities
by Ji Ung Jeong
Healthcare 2025, 13(19), 2412; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13192412 - 24 Sep 2025
Viewed by 601
Abstract
Background: Adults with developmental disabilities often experience accelerated aging, but the magnitude of this phenomenon is not well quantified. This study aimed to measure the disparity in functional ability and chronic illness prevalence between adults with developmental and other disabilities. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: Adults with developmental disabilities often experience accelerated aging, but the magnitude of this phenomenon is not well quantified. This study aimed to measure the disparity in functional ability and chronic illness prevalence between adults with developmental and other disabilities. Methods: A “functional age” was calculated for adults with developmental disabilities. This metric, designed as a statistical index of disparity, was derived from normative regression models of ADL and IADL based on a reference group of adults with other disabilities. Results: A profound gap was found between chronological and functional age. On average, a 44-year-old individual with a developmental disability exhibited a level of functional limitation equivalent to a person over 100 years older in the reference population for both ADL and IADL (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Accelerated aging in this population manifests as a severe, early onset functional disadvantage rather than an elevated burden of general chronic disease. Policies should shift toward function-based, not age-based, models of care to address these lifelong support needs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disability Studies and Disability Evaluation)
25 pages, 325 KB  
Article
Intersecting Identities and Career-Related Factors Among College Students with Disabilities Across Ethnic Groups
by Si-Yi Chao and Keith B. Wilson
Healthcare 2025, 13(17), 2119; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13172119 - 26 Aug 2025
Viewed by 838
Abstract
This study explores how intersecting disabilities and ethnic identities influence key career-related factors, including career decision self-efficacy, career outcome expectations, perceived career barriers, and social support, among college students with disabilities from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. Background/Objectives: Applying social cognitive career theory [...] Read more.
This study explores how intersecting disabilities and ethnic identities influence key career-related factors, including career decision self-efficacy, career outcome expectations, perceived career barriers, and social support, among college students with disabilities from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. Background/Objectives: Applying social cognitive career theory (SCCT) and intersectionality frameworks, this research addresses a critical gap in understanding the unique challenges and strengths experienced by underrepresented students with disabilities in postsecondary education. Method: Quantitative data were collected from approximately 306 participants representing various ethnic groups, including African American, Asian American, Hispanic, and other ethnic backgrounds, alongside European American peers. Results: Findings revealed that underrepresented students with disabilities reported significantly stronger ethnic identity affirmation but also perceived greater career-related barriers compared to their European American counterparts. These results demonstrate the need for culturally responsive career development practices and inclusive campus environments that affirm students’ multiple identities. Conclusions: Implications are discussed for higher education professionals, rehabilitation counselors, disability service providers, and career counselors seeking to promote equitable career outcomes and identity-conscious support systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disability Studies and Disability Evaluation)
23 pages, 3557 KB  
Article
Enhancing Inclusive Social, Financial, and Health Services for Persons with Disabilities in Saudi Arabia: Insights from Caregivers
by Ghada Alturif, Wafaa Saleh, Hessa Alsanad and Augustus Ababio-Donkor
Healthcare 2025, 13(15), 1901; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13151901 - 5 Aug 2025
Viewed by 1385
Abstract
Background: Social and financial services are essential for the inclusion and well-being of people with disabilities (PWDs), who often rely on family caregivers to access these systems. In Saudi Arabia, where disability inclusion is a strategic goal under Vision 2030, understanding caregiver experiences [...] Read more.
Background: Social and financial services are essential for the inclusion and well-being of people with disabilities (PWDs), who often rely on family caregivers to access these systems. In Saudi Arabia, where disability inclusion is a strategic goal under Vision 2030, understanding caregiver experiences is crucial to identifying service gaps and improving accessibility. Objectives: This study aimed to explore caregivers’ perspectives on awareness, perceived barriers, and accessibility of social and financial services for PWDs in Saudi Arabia. The analysis is grounded in Andersen’s Behavioural Model of Health Service Use and the WHO’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 3353 caregivers of PWDs attending specialised day schools. The survey collected data on demographic characteristics, service awareness, utilisation, and perceived obstacles. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) identified latent constructs, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to test relationships between awareness, barriers, and accessibility. Results: Findings reveal that over 70% of caregivers lacked awareness of available services, and only about 3% had accessed them. Key challenges included technological barriers, complex procedures, and non-functional or unclear service provider platforms. Both User Barriers and Service Barriers were negatively associated with Awareness and Accessibility. Awareness, in turn, significantly predicted perceived Accessibility. Caregiver demographics, such as age, education, gender, and geographic location, also influenced awareness and service use. Conclusions: There is a pressing need for targeted awareness campaigns, accessible digital service platforms, and simplified service processes tailored to diverse caregiver profiles. Inclusive communication, decentralised outreach, and policy reforms are necessary to enhance service access and promote the societal inclusion of PWDs in alignment with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disability Studies and Disability Evaluation)
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21 pages, 257 KB  
Article
Strategies to Prevent Work Ability Decline and Support Retirement Transition in Workers with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
by Beatriz Sánchez, Francisco de Borja Jordán de Urríes, Miguel Ángel Verdugo, Carmen de Jesús Abena and Victoria Sanblás
Healthcare 2025, 13(14), 1766; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13141766 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 1665
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The aging of workers with intellectual and developmental disabilities is an emerging reality attributed to the rise in life expectancy and improved labor market access. In this study, “workers” is used as an inclusive, neutral term covering all individuals engaged in [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The aging of workers with intellectual and developmental disabilities is an emerging reality attributed to the rise in life expectancy and improved labor market access. In this study, “workers” is used as an inclusive, neutral term covering all individuals engaged in paid labor—whether employees, self-employed, freelancers, or those performing manual or non-manual tasks. It encompasses every form of work. It is crucial to comprehend the reality of aging workers from the perspectives of the primary individuals involved: the workers, their families, and supporting professionals. Methods: A qualitative study was developed, involving 12 focus groups and 107 participants, using NVivo 12 Pro for analysis; we used a phenomenological methodology and grounded theory. Results: A set of concrete needs was highlighted: among them, 33 were related to declining work ability due to aging and disability (WADAD), and 30 to transition to retirement. These needs were grouped into categories: workplace accommodations, coordination and collaboration, personal and family support, counseling and training, and other types of needs. Conclusions: This study establishes an empirical basis tailored to the needs of this group, enabling the development of prevention and intervention protocols that address WADAD and the transition to retirement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disability Studies and Disability Evaluation)

Review

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20 pages, 1635 KB  
Review
Inclusive Healthcare System for Children with Disabilities: A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization
by Erkan Gulgosteren, Yavuz Onturk, Abdullah Cuhadar, Mihaela Zahiu, Monica Stanescu and Rares Stanescu
Healthcare 2025, 13(17), 2106; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13172106 - 24 Aug 2025
Viewed by 1062
Abstract
Background: Children with disabilities face complex, systemic health access barriers rooted in societal, institutional, and structural inequities, requiring urgent global policy attention. Publications on access to health services for this population category have been found to have a significant growth in both quantity [...] Read more.
Background: Children with disabilities face complex, systemic health access barriers rooted in societal, institutional, and structural inequities, requiring urgent global policy attention. Publications on access to health services for this population category have been found to have a significant growth in both quantity and content. The article aims to examine the structure and evolution of scientific literature in analyzing the healthcare system through the lens of inclusive services. Methods: We present the bibliometric profile of the global literature on access to health services for children with disabilities, the publication trends, the structure of research in this field concerning geographical distribution, methodological approaches, and interdisciplinary collaborations, and the core research topics, conceptual clusters, and future research directions in the field. The publications were screened from Web of Science databases, using PRISMA methodology. Finally, 1100 academic publications published between 1984 and 2025, obtained from a total of 432 different sources, the majority of which were peer-reviewed journals, were screened. Results: The calculated annual publication growth rate of 8.37% and the distinct upward trend observed, especially after 2015. The highest level was reached in 2023, with over 90 publications showing that the topic has become a focus of international academic interest. The USA (33.5%), the United Kingdom (15.7%), Australia (9.5%), and Canada (9.5%) stood out in publications, and there were strong collaborative networks among European nations (8.2%). Conclusions: Although high-income countries still appear to play a dominant role in research production, expanding international collaborations and distributing resources more equitably will contribute to the development of more inclusive solutions on a global scale. Temporal trends show an evolution toward diagnostic processes, family-centered approaches, and psychosocial dimensions. The results draw a clear picture of the current research landscape regarding access to health services for pediatric disability populations and identify potential directions for future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disability Studies and Disability Evaluation)
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