Mental Health and Well-Being in Informal Caregiving: Challenges, Transitions, and Support Mechanisms

A special issue of Healthcare (ISSN 2227-9032).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 29 August 2026 | Viewed by 3089

Editors


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue Extension, Whitehall, Dublin, Ireland
Interests: family carers; community health; public health; smoking; breastfeeding

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
RISE-Health, Santarém School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
Interests: qualitative research; community health; mental health; family health; vulnerable populations; palliative care

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Informal caregiving is a cornerstone of health and social care systems worldwide, yet it remains largely undervalued and insufficiently supported. Informal caregivers—typically family members or close friends—provide ongoing, unpaid care to individuals with chronic illnesses, disabilities, or age-related conditions. This role encompasses a broad range of physical, emotional, and logistical responsibilities, often undertaken without formal training.

The health implications of informal caregiving are increasingly documented in the literature. Caregivers face elevated risks of stress, burnout, and mental health disorders. Studies indicate that psychological distress is approximately 20% more prevalent among caregivers than non-caregivers. This vulnerability is especially pronounced during key transitional periods such as bereavement. As demographic trends point toward aging populations and increased reliance on home-based care, addressing the challenges faced by informal caregivers has become both timely and critical.

In light of these realities, this Special Issue aims to deepen understanding of the informal caregiving experience, with particular emphasis on mental health and psychosocial well-being. We welcome submissions that explore the psychological and emotional impacts of caregiving, resilience and coping mechanisms, and interventions designed to support informal caregivers. This thematic focus aligns with the journal’s scope—including mental health, gerontology, social work, health policy, primary care, implementation science, and digital health —and seeks to contribute to the growing interdisciplinary evidence base for effective caregiver support.

We invite original research, systematic or scoping reviews, and conceptual or theoretical papers. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Mental health outcomes among informal caregivers;
  • Psychosocial and educational interventions for caregiver support;
  • Resilience, coping strategies and identity in caregiving contexts;
  • Professional supports;
  • Workplace supports;
  • Community-based support networks;
  • Post-caregiving transitions, grief and bereavement;
  • Gender, cultural and socio-economic influences in caregiving;
  • Ethical, legal and policy considerations in informal care.

We look forward to receiving your contributions and to advancing meaningful discourse on the needs of informal caregivers and the systems that support them.

This Special Issue underscores the centrality of informal care in contemporary societies and the demographic, geographic, economic, familial, and social challenges it entails. We seek submissions that deepen understanding and prompt a rethinking of public policies from a global and sustainable perspective.

We particularly welcome studies that deepen understanding and inform practice and policy from a global and sustainable perspective. Submissions that demonstrate methodological transparency, data availability, innovation and interdisciplinary work—spanning mental health, gerontology, social work, health policy, primary care, implementation science, and digital health—that can inform practice and policy and catalyze more equitable, sustainable support for informal caregivers.

Dr. Gillian Paul
Guest Editor

Prof. Dr. Catarina Afonso
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Healthcare is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • informal caregivers
  • health literacy
  • multicultural environment
  • practice education
  • person-centered care
  • community network
  • digital approaches
  • health promotion

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 605 KB  
Article
Lived Experiences of Male Caregivers Supporting Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease
by Kelsey Lee, Julia Yates, Andrew M. Johnson, Liliana Alvarez and Jeffrey D. Holmes
Healthcare 2026, 14(12), 1652; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14121652 - 11 Jun 2026
Viewed by 340
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Individuals living with Parkinson’s disease often rely on informal caregivers for daily support. Existing research on caregiving has largely been framed from a predominantly female perspective. However, caregiving roles are evolving, with an increasing number of men assuming these responsibilities. Despite this [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Individuals living with Parkinson’s disease often rely on informal caregivers for daily support. Existing research on caregiving has largely been framed from a predominantly female perspective. However, caregiving roles are evolving, with an increasing number of men assuming these responsibilities. Despite this shift, the experiences of male caregivers remain underexplored. A deeper understanding of their perspectives is essential to inform more inclusive and effective caregiver support in Parkinson’s disease care. This study aimed to explore the lived experience of male caregivers supporting individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Methods: A secondary qualitative analysis was conducted using interviews with seven male caregivers supporting individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis within a descriptive phenomenological framework. Results: Three overarching themes emerged. (1) Economic and employment challenges, including difficulties balancing work and caregiving, structural barriers to accessing services during working hours, and the financial burden of Parkinsons-related expenses, with financial stability acting as a buffer against stress; (2) Psychological and emotional dynamics, including self-doubt linked to gender norms, the influence of personal and partner attitudes on coping, and ongoing experiences of loss; and (3) Adaptation and coping, involving renegotiation of roles, maintenance of routines, and information seeking that was experienced as both empowering and anxiety-provoking. Conclusions: Male caregiving experiences were shaped by financial stability, personal beliefs and perspectives, and the ability to adapt to changing roles and responsibilities. These findings highlight the importance of recognizing gender-specific caregiving needs and incorporating targeted support for male caregivers into Parkinson’s disease care. Full article
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14 pages, 639 KB  
Article
A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Caregiver Burden in Schizophrenia Care: Findings from Western Saudi Arabia with Policy Implications for Preventive Mental Healthcare
by Ashokkumar Thirunavukkarasu and Ebtehal Mobarak Zawawi
Healthcare 2026, 14(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14010055 - 25 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1318
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Research about the effects of schizophrenia, along with caregiver burden, exists extensively in Western countries. However, research on Middle Eastern societies, especially Saudi Arabia, is limited. We assessed the burden experienced by caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia and identified the associated [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Research about the effects of schizophrenia, along with caregiver burden, exists extensively in Western countries. However, research on Middle Eastern societies, especially Saudi Arabia, is limited. We assessed the burden experienced by caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia and identified the associated factors contributing to it. Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeddah, Western Saudi Arabia, from December 2024 to March 2025. We used a validated Arabic data collection tool comprising 22 items that assessed five domains of caregiver burden. The associations between background characteristics and individual domains were determined by the Mann–Whitney U test and the Kruskal–Wallis test. We applied binomial regression analysis to find the factors associated with caregiver burden. Results: Of the 330 participants studied, no burden was observed in 17.9%. The remaining had mild (25.8%), moderate (34.8%), and severe (21.5%) burdens. Among the domains, emotional strain showed the highest mean (11.52 ± 4.32), followed closely by time and social limitations (11.29 ± 5.07) and health and financial impacts (11.08 ± 5.08). The caregiver burden was significantly higher among the adult children caring for their parents (p = 0.034) and lower among the participants working in the government sector (p = 0.022). Conclusions: The findings suggest a policy-relevant support program that includes workplace flexibility and financial help to manage their overall caregiving load and improve their health. Future research should explore the effectiveness of support strategies tailored to caregivers in different sociocultural contexts to enhance both caregiver and patient outcomes. Full article
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22 pages, 405 KB  
Article
Community-for-Care: An Integrated Response to Informal Post-Caregivers
by Catarina Inês Costa Afonso, Ana Spínola Madeira, Alcinda Reis and Susana Magalhães
Healthcare 2025, 13(24), 3318; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13243318 - 18 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 810 | Correction
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Informal caregivers play a crucial role in healthcare, but when caregiving ends the “post-caregivers” often remain invisible and unsupported. Post-caregivers face needs such as reconstructing their identity and finding space and time to grieve. This study aimed to design a support network [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Informal caregivers play a crucial role in healthcare, but when caregiving ends the “post-caregivers” often remain invisible and unsupported. Post-caregivers face needs such as reconstructing their identity and finding space and time to grieve. This study aimed to design a support network for informal post-caregivers by exploring perceptions of diverse stakeholders. Methods: A qualitative inductive study was conducted using three focus groups (n = 15; ages 35–70; 12 women, 3 men) held online between June and July 2023. Participants included palliative care team members, home support professionals, general practitioners, informal caregivers, post-caregivers, and members of civil society. A semi-structured guide was used, and narratives were analyzed with a Narrative Medicine-informed approach and thematic analysis. Results: Community-For-Care emerged as an overarching and distinctive concept that, while aligned with the ethos of Compassionate Communities, specifically addresses the transition after caregiving ends, a phase largely absent from existing models. It symbolizes the “living forces of the community” mobilized to accompany informal post-caregivers through identity reconstruction, bereavement, and reintegration. Three interrelated thematic axes structure this concept: (1) Compassion Axis—emphasizing a compassionate community that values caregiving; (2) Coordinated Action Axis—highlighting coordinated, continuous support across healthcare and community services; and (3) Care Literacy Axis—underscoring education and training for caregivers, post-caregivers, and professionals. These axes dynamically interact to empower post-caregivers and stitch the holes in the support network. Conclusions: A community-centered, post-caregiver-focused framework such as Community-For-Care offers a novel extension of compassionate communities by directly addressing the loneliness, identity rupture, and invisibility that often characterize the transition after caregiving. Reinforcing compassion, coordinated action, and care literacy can enable communities to better acknowledge the contributions and ongoing needs of post-caregivers, supporting their emotional recovery, social reintegration, and reconstruction of daily life. By integrating these three axes into community practice, the model introduces a post-care-specific structure that can enhance well-being, reduce preventable health decline, and relieve pressure on formal services by mobilizing local, civic, and relational assets. Full article
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