Geological Features on Magmatic–Hydrothermal Mineralization
A topical collection in Geosciences (ISSN 2076-3263).
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Editors
Dr. Domenico Montanari
Dr. Domenico Montanari
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Website
Collection Editor
Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), UO Firenze, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
Interests: geology; geothermal energy; modeling
Dr. Evgeniy V. Kislov
Dr. Evgeniy V. Kislov
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Website
Collection Editor
Geological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GIN SB RAS), 6a, Sakhyanovoy str., Ulan-Ude 670047, Russia
Interests: magmatic petrology; economic geology; geological heritage; geoecology
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Topical Collection Information
Dear Colleagues,
A significant number of deposits of various minerals are associated with magmatic, metasomatic and hydrothermal processes. Currently, the emergence of new precision research methods provides additional information for their study, for unlocking the potential for a renewed raw materials sector, and for the full understanding of active and fossil geothermal systems. As a result, in a number of cases, there is a revision of ideas about the genesis of certain types of minerals. We invite to the proposed collection articles that reveal the relationship between magmatic, metasomatic and hydrothermal ore-forming processes using modern types of analysis, especially mineralogical and isotope, geophysical, geochemical and geological exploration techniques, experimental and numerical modeling. Studies on the relationships between the circulation of mineralizing fluids, resulting ore deposits and structural features of various origins will also be welcome.
Dr. Domenico Montanari
Dr. Evgeniy V. Kislov
Collection Editors
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Keywords
- mineralization
- ore deposits
- magma emplacement
- structural control on fluid flow
- metasomatism
- hydrothermal processes
- active and fossil geothermal systems
- mineral composition
- isotope studies
- raw materials
Published Papers (5 papers)
Open AccessArticle
Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Fluid Inclusion Study of the Stibnite Vein-Type Mineralization at Rizana, Northern Greece
by
Christos L. Stergiou, Grigorios-Aarne Sakellaris, Vasilios Melfos, Panagiotis Voudouris, Lambrini Papadopoulou, Nikolaos Kantiranis and Evaggelos Skoupras
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2599
Abstract
The stibnite mineralization at Rizana (Kilkis ore district; Serbo-Macedonian metallogenic province; northern Greece) occurs along a NE–SW-trending brittle shear-zone, which transects a two-mica and an augen-gneiss of the Vertiskos Unit. Barren Triassic A-type granites and satellite pegmatites and aplites, as well as Oligocene-Miocene
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The stibnite mineralization at Rizana (Kilkis ore district; Serbo-Macedonian metallogenic province; northern Greece) occurs along a NE–SW-trending brittle shear-zone, which transects a two-mica and an augen-gneiss of the Vertiskos Unit. Barren Triassic A-type granites and satellite pegmatites and aplites, as well as Oligocene-Miocene plutonic, subvolcanic and volcanic rocks that are variably hydrothermally altered and mineralized, outcrop in the broader region. The mineralization appears as veins, discordant lodes and disseminations. Veins and discordant lodes exhibit massive and brecciated textures. Historic underground mining (1930s–1950s) produced 9000 t of stibnite ore, grading 40% Sb on average. The main ore mineral assemblage includes stibnite + berthierite + sphalerite + pyrite + chalcopyrite + native antimony and traces of wolframite, galena, tetrahedrite, marcasite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, realgar, native arsenic and native gold. Quartz, minor barite and ankerite are the gangue minerals. Sericitization and silicification developed along the shear-zone, forming hydrothermal halos of moderate intensity in the two-mica gneiss. Locally, valentinite, goethite and claudetite are present due to the supergene oxidation of the stibnite mineralization. Bulk ore geochemistry shows enrichments in specific elements including As, Au, Cd, Se, Tl and W. Fluid inclusion microthermometry showed that the mineralization was formed under a limited range of temperatures and salinities. The fluids had low to slightly moderate salinities (6.6–8.1 wt% equiv. NaCl) with low homogenization temperatures (217–254 °C, with a maximum at 220 °C).
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Open AccessArticle
Carbon in Mineralised Plutons
by
Joseph G. T. Armstrong, John Parnell and Adrian J. Boyce
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2399
Abstract
The Paleoproterozoic schists of the Leverburgh Belt, South Harris and the Neoproterozoic carbonaceous metasediments of the Dalradian Supergroup were deposited during the two most significant periods of black shale deposition globally. Hosted within these metasedimentary rocks are graphite-bearing mineralised plutons, formed during orogenic
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The Paleoproterozoic schists of the Leverburgh Belt, South Harris and the Neoproterozoic carbonaceous metasediments of the Dalradian Supergroup were deposited during the two most significant periods of black shale deposition globally. Hosted within these metasedimentary rocks are graphite-bearing mineralised plutons, formed during orogenic events. The assimilation of carbonaceous lithologies during magmatic pluton emplacement is a commonly recognised mechanism in the formation of many metal and semi-metal-enriched deposits. Graphite mineralisation as a result of carbon assimilation is a feature often associated with these mineral deposits, though the source of the carbon and any associated metal deposits is not always understood. In this study, carbon and sulphur isotope analyses demonstrate that the crustal assimilation of the Paleoproterozoic host rocks took place during magmatic emplacement and provided the source of carbon and sulphur during mineralisation of the plutons. Minor enrichments of trace elements are present in the South Harris plutonic lithologies, indicating that mobilisation and enrichment occurred during assimilation of the schists. Petrographic and elemental analysis of a Dalradian-hosted Ordovician pluton indicates a similar but more substantial enrichment of these trace elements during crustal assimilation. The timing and depth of assimilation appear to play key roles in the extent of graphite and associated trace element enrichments.
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Open AccessArticle
Magmatic Processes at Euganean Hills (Veneto Volcanic Province, Italy): Clinopyroxene Investigation to Unravel Magmatic Interactions
by
Sabrina Nazzareni, Daniele Morgavi, Maurizio Petrelli, Omar Bartoli and Diego Perugini
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2576
Abstract
The Euganean Hills (NE Italy) magmatic district represents the final volcanic activity of the Veneto Volcanic Province. Alkaline to subalkaline magmatic suite dominated by intermediate to felsic volcanic rocks characterises the latest volcanic activity of the Euganean Hills. Magmatic (intrusive and volcanic) enclaves
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The Euganean Hills (NE Italy) magmatic district represents the final volcanic activity of the Veneto Volcanic Province. Alkaline to subalkaline magmatic suite dominated by intermediate to felsic volcanic rocks characterises the latest volcanic activity of the Euganean Hills. Magmatic (intrusive and volcanic) enclaves are common in Euganean Hills trachytes. We used the ability of clinopyroxene to record variations of P, T, and fO
to reconstruct the geological history of the volcanic enclaves and trachytic host. Despite similar major and trace elements composition, clinopyroxene from host is higher in Ca and Na (and Fe
) and lower in Mg than enclaves and is slightly enriched in trace elements but with the same pattern distribution. Minor differences in geochemistry and crystal structure of clinopyroxene from enclaves and trachytic host suggest similar parental magmas that differs by small degrees of fractional crystallisation. Clinopyroxene geobarometry performed combining X-ray diffraction with mineral geochemistry for volcanic enclaves–trachytic host combined with amphibole geobarometry for intrusive enclaves and crystal mushes points to a crystallisation pressure range between 4.8–2.0 kbars. Our data support the model of a complex system of magma chambers at intermediate to shallow crustal level where mafic magma accumulated, evolved by fractionation processes and mixed.
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Open AccessArticle
Metamorphic Conditions and Raman Spectroscopic Carbonaceous Material Thermometry of Host Schists of Olympiada and Eldorado Gold Deposits (Yenisey Ridge, Russia)
by
Vasiliy Sukhorukov, Valeriya Volkova, Peter Nevolko and Pavel Kozlov
Viewed by 2434
Abstract
Metamorphic processes play a key role in forming orogenic gold deposits. In this paper, we present new evidence that host schists of the two largest gold deposits of the Yenisey ridge (Russia) Olympiada and Eldorado underwent a single stage of metamorphism in contrast
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Metamorphic processes play a key role in forming orogenic gold deposits. In this paper, we present new evidence that host schists of the two largest gold deposits of the Yenisey ridge (Russia) Olympiada and Eldorado underwent a single stage of metamorphism in contrast to surrounding blocks. This metamorphism is of moderate thermal gradient and belongs to the Barrovian type, which is typical for the collisional event in the time range 800–850 Ma. The new Ar/Ar age data presented in this paper and the review of magmatic and metamorphic events and ore-forming processes indicate that the most productive stage (gold-sulfide-quartz) correlates well in time with the regional metamorphism of the Barrovian type. This indicates that metamorphic processes can have a crucial role in forming gold deposits of the Yenisey ridge. Carbonaceous material thermometry indicates a wide range of obtained temperatures around 90–150 °C around the mean temperature for each sample. The highest temperatures are close to the peak metamorphic temperatures estimated by garnet-biotite thermometry.
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Open AccessArticle
U-Th-He Geochronology of Pyrite from Alteration of the Au-Fe-Skarn Novogodnee-Monto Deposit (Polar Urals, Russia)—The Next Step in the Development of a New Approach for Direct Dating of Ore-Forming Processes
by
Olga Yakubovich, Ilya Vikentyev, Ekaterina Ivanova, Mary Podolskaya, Ivan Sobolev, Eugenia Tyukova and Alexander Kotov
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3246
Abstract
We report on the application of the U-Th-He method for the direct dating of pyrite from the alteration halo of the Novogodnee-Monto Au-Fe-skarn deposit, Polar Urals. The deposit is genetically related to the formation of volcanogenic complexes of the Ural Paleozoic belt. A
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We report on the application of the U-Th-He method for the direct dating of pyrite from the alteration halo of the Novogodnee-Monto Au-Fe-skarn deposit, Polar Urals. The deposit is genetically related to the formation of volcanogenic complexes of the Ural Paleozoic belt. A modification of the original methodology for measuring U, Th and He isotopes in a single grain allowed us to determine a U-Th-He age of 382 ± 8 Ma (2σ) based on six pyrite samples from the altered rocks of the deposit (U mass fraction ~0.2 mg/kg; Th/U ~3.5;
4He specific volume ~10
−5 cm
3·STP·g
−1). This age is consistent with estimates of the age of ore formation and coeval with the end of the period of island arc magmatic activity. Our results indicate that U-Th-He dating for pyrite samples of ~1 mg in weight from the hydrothermal-metasomatic halo of ore bodies is possible, providing a crucial next step in the development of U-Th-He pyrite geochronology.
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