Conceptual Design and Multidisciplinary Optimization of Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) Aircraft

A special issue of Aerospace (ISSN 2226-4310). This special issue belongs to the section "Aeronautics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 339

Special Issue Editors

School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian 710072, China
Interests: aerodynamic shape optimization; ducted propeller; distributed electrical propulsion; multidisciplinary design optimization; aircraft conceptual design

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Guest Editor
1. School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
2. National Key Laboratory of Aircraft Configuration Design, Xi’an 710072, China
Interests: advanced UAV aerodynamics; flight stability and control; autonomous flight
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rapidly expanding Urban Air Mobility (UAM) sector, driven by advancements in electric propulsion and automation, is set to transform transportation through the deployment of eVTOL aircraft. This transformation imposes substantial demands on the domain of aircraft conceptual design and development. The conceptual design of eVTOLs presents unique and complex challenges that surpass those associated with traditional fixed-wing aircraft or helicopters. Designers engaged in this critical phase of aircraft conceptual design must navigate the trade-offs inherent in distributed electric propulsion (DEP), manage high power demands within constrained energy budgets, and ensure safe and quiet operation in densely populated urban environments.

This Special Issue seeks to consolidate pioneering research that addresses these multifaceted aircraft conceptual design challenges through holistic and integrated approaches. We welcome contributions that detail innovative multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) frameworks that effectively bridge different flight regimes, novel strategies for battery and propulsion system integration, and the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) to explore the extensive eVTOL design space. By showcasing cutting-edge methodologies and design solutions, this Issue aims to serve as an essential resource for academics, engineers, and regulatory bodies in shaping the future of air mobility.

Dr. Yu Hu
Dr. Xiaoping Xu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • eVTOL conceptual design
  • multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO)
  • distributed electric propulsion (DEP)
  • battery sizing and electrical energy system integration
  • rotorcraft aerodynamics
  • design for noise abatement

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

27 pages, 7027 KB  
Article
Robust Design and Optimisation of Five-Phase Spoke-Type Permanent Magnet Actuator for e-VTOL Applications
by Saad Chahba, Cristina Morel and Ahmad Akrad
Aerospace 2026, 13(5), 433; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13050433 - 5 May 2026
Abstract
This paper deals with the investigation of the best topology of a five-phase fault-tolerant spoke-type permanent magnet (PM) motor for the propulsion of a multirotor aerial vehicle. This study is carried out through four stages. First, an assessment of the PM configuration effect [...] Read more.
This paper deals with the investigation of the best topology of a five-phase fault-tolerant spoke-type permanent magnet (PM) motor for the propulsion of a multirotor aerial vehicle. This study is carried out through four stages. First, an assessment of the PM configuration effect on motor performance, considering three positions, namely surface PM, spoke-type PM, and V-shape PM. Second, an evaluation of the optimisation formulation problem on motor performance, where three formulations, respectively, involving either electric motor (EM) efficiency, EM efficiency and torque, or EM efficiency and active weight are considered for this purpose. Third, the stator winding configuration effect on performance in healthy and faulty operation mode (OM), e.g., open-circuit fault (OC) and inter-turn short-circuit (ITSC) fault, is also assessed. This evaluation is performed considering two winding configurations, namely fractional slot concentrated winding (FSCW) with single-layer (SL) or dual-layer (DL) winding. Fourth, a modified rotor geometry is proposed, based on the airgap length variation, in order to increase the airgap flux density amplitude and thus improve the motor torque and power densities. A comparative study, in this case, is performed with a classical rotor geometry in order to assess their influence on motor performance in healthy and faulty operation mode (OM). In addition, this paper presents a quantitative comparison of the proposed five-phase motor and a three-phase spoke-type PM motor, where the results, in healthy and faulty OM, show the interest of the proposed multiphase motor. Full article
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