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Purification, Volume 2, Issue 1 (March 2026) – 3 articles

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17 pages, 2935 KB  
Article
Photo-Fenton Reaction Catalyzed by Natural Iron Ore from a City of Bandjéli in Northwestern Togo for the Elimination of Paracetamol in Aqueous Media
by Messan Justin Kessouagni, Moursalou Koriko, Koffi Fiaty, Catherine Charcosset and Gado Tchangbedji
Purification 2026, 2(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/purification2010003 - 14 Feb 2026
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Abstract
Paracetamol (PAR) was selected as an emerging micropollutant model to evaluate the effectiveness of the photo-Fenton process using natural Bandjéli ore (BO) as a heterogeneous source of iron. An aliquot of 1 mL of the activated product was introduced into 200 mL of [...] Read more.
Paracetamol (PAR) was selected as an emerging micropollutant model to evaluate the effectiveness of the photo-Fenton process using natural Bandjéli ore (BO) as a heterogeneous source of iron. An aliquot of 1 mL of the activated product was introduced into 200 mL of an aqueous solution of paracetamol at a defined concentration. The tests were conducted in a double-jacketed glass photoreactor (0.2 L), continuously stirred and equipped with two UVA PL-L lamps (36 W, λ = 365 nm), with the temperature maintained at 20 °C and the pH around 2.4. The photo-Fenton process was applied with different initial paracetamol concentrations (10–50 mg/L), different H2O2/PAR initial molar ratios (10:1 and 5:1), and different ferric ion concentrations (2.84–4.73 mg/L). Under these conditions, complete disappearance of the parent compound (paracetamol) was achieved in less than 3 h for iron contents below 5 mg/L, in compliance with the discharge standards applicable in France and Togo. Inhibition tests with propan-2-ol highlighted the predominant role of hydroxyl radicals and the secondary involvement of superoxide radicals in the subsequent stages. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Bandjéli iron ore is an effective, sustainable, and economically advantageous alternative to commercial iron salts for implementing the photo-Fenton process in the decontamination of water polluted by organic micropollutants. Full article
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11 pages, 449 KB  
Editorial
Separation and Purification of Liquid Biofuels: Pathways to Sustainable Energy
by Sagar Roy
Purification 2026, 2(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/purification2010002 - 26 Jan 2026
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Abstract
The demand for global energy consumption, driven by population expansion and economic development, has intensified significantly over the decades and created substantial momentum for the development of sustainable energy technologies [...] Full article
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20 pages, 2158 KB  
Article
Dewatering of Sweet Whey Using Forward Osmosis on an Industrial Scale
by Bastian Greisner, Magnus Rienäcker, Frank Rögener and André Lerch
Purification 2026, 2(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/purification2010001 - 26 Dec 2025
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Abstract
Industrial whey dewatering via membrane processes remains challenging due to the rapid increase in viscosity, strong fouling tendencies from proteins and minerals, and the steep rise in osmotic pressure during concentration. These effects restrict operating windows and complicate energy-efficient process control. This study [...] Read more.
Industrial whey dewatering via membrane processes remains challenging due to the rapid increase in viscosity, strong fouling tendencies from proteins and minerals, and the steep rise in osmotic pressure during concentration. These effects restrict operating windows and complicate energy-efficient process control. This study addresses the application of forward osmosis (FO) technology for industrial-scale dewatering of sweet whey using an Aquaporin Inside® HFFO14 module. Various feed- and draw-side cross flow velocities (0.0397 to 0.0524 m s−1 and 0.0127 to 0.0190 m s−1, respectively) and draw solution (DS) osmotic pressures of 20 bar and 60 bar were investigated using a production-scale prototype plant. Sweet whey had an initial osmotic pressure of 7 bar and an electrical conductivity of 5.7 mS cm−1. DS pressures of 20 bar and 60 bar resulted in a total recovery of 50% and over 80%, respectively. Water flux rates initially ranged from 10.1 to 11.6 L m−2 h−1 (LMH) and ceased at 3.3 LMH. Specific energy demand ranged from 0.15 to 1.1 kWh m−3. These findings support the feasibility of industrial-scale FO technology and underscore the potential of FO as an energy-efficient, sustainable solution for the dairy industry. However, frequent rinsing and cleaning routines are crucial to maintain membrane performance. Full article
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