The Role of Substance P and NK1 Receptors in Mild to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: From CTE to ICP
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mild TBI
3. Moderate TBI
4. Severe TBI
5. Conclusions and Future Directions
Condition | Species | Model | Notable Observations | Citation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mild TBI | Rat | Single weight drop | Increased perivascular and astrocytic SP immunoreactivity | Donkin et al., 2004 [13] |
Rat | Repeated weight drop | Neuronal tau phosphorylation after injury is inhibited by NK1 antagonist | Corrigan et al., 2021 [18] | |
Mouse | Blast | NK1 antagonist reduced tau phosphorylation at 28 days after injury and improved functional outcome | Corrigan et al., 2021 [18] | |
Moderate TBI | Rat | Weight drop | Capsaicin pre-treatment reduces brain oedema and functional deficits | Vink et al., 2003 [27]; Nimmo et al., 2004 [26] |
Rat | Weight drop | NK1 antagonist increases brain free magnesium after TBI | Vink et al., 2004 [43] | |
Rat | Weight drop | Increased brain SP immunoreactivity and serum SP after injury; NK1 antagonist reduces post-traumatic BBB permeability and oedema, and improves functional outcome | Donkin et al., 2009 [30] | |
Rat | Weight drop | NK1 antagonist reduces axonal injury and improves functional outcome even when administered up to 12 h post-trauma | Donkin et al., 2011 [29] | |
Rat | Weight drop | NK1 antagonist reduces axonal injury and improve functional outcome in female animals | Corrigan et al., 2012 [28] | |
Rat | Weight drop | NK1 antagonists inhibit microglial proliferation | Carthew et al., 2012 [72] | |
Mouse | Cortical impact | NK1 antagonist and SP deletion inhibits post-traumatic oxidative stress, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and cell death; improves functional outcome | Li et al., 2019 [40] | |
Severe TBI | Human | Clinical | Perivascular SP immunoreactivity is increased after trauma and may be released in response to neuronal stress | Zacest et al., 2010 [31] |
Sheep | Captive bolt | NK1 antagonist reduces post-traumatic elevated ICP | Gabrielian et al., 2013 [50] | |
Sheep | Captive bolt | NK1 antagonist reduces post-traumatic elevated ICP and improves brain oxygen | Gabrielian et al., 2017 [51] | |
Human | Clinical | Elevated serum SP associated with injury severity and mortality in adults | Lorente et al., 2015 [44]; 2017 [45] | |
Human | Clinical | Elevated post-traumatic serum SP in children | Zhou et al., 2021 [46] | |
Human | Clinical | Elevated serum SP part of a multi-staged neuropeptide response after TBI | Alves et al., 2022 [47] |
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vink, R.; Corrigan, F. The Role of Substance P and NK1 Receptors in Mild to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: From CTE to ICP. Receptors 2023, 2, 220-231. https://doi.org/10.3390/receptors2040015
Vink R, Corrigan F. The Role of Substance P and NK1 Receptors in Mild to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: From CTE to ICP. Receptors. 2023; 2(4):220-231. https://doi.org/10.3390/receptors2040015
Chicago/Turabian StyleVink, Robert, and Frances Corrigan. 2023. "The Role of Substance P and NK1 Receptors in Mild to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: From CTE to ICP" Receptors 2, no. 4: 220-231. https://doi.org/10.3390/receptors2040015