Study of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Morphometry and Comparison with Archaeological Remains in Central Apennines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- Create a comprehensive database of the morphological characteristics of grape seeds from archaeological, ancient, and contemporary grape cultivars as well as from wild grape species (V. sylvestris) found in the Abruzzo region;
- (2)
- Determine whether and which seeds of modern grapes are morphologically comparable to the archaeological cultivars based on seed morphology.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Archaeological Background
2.2. Archaeological Seed Collection
2.3. Modern Seed Material
2.4. Seed Image Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Feature | Description | UOM |
---|---|---|
Area | Area of selection as square millimetres | mm2 |
Perimeter | The length of the outside boundary of the selection | mm |
Major ellipse | The primary axis of the best-fitting ellipse | mm |
Minor ellipse | The secondary axis of the best-fitting ellipse | mm |
Circularity | 4π × area/perimeter2; a value of 1.0 indicates a perfect circle | DN |
Aspect Ratio | major axis/minor axis of the best-fitting ellipse | DN |
Roundness | 4area/(π × major_axis2) or the inverse of the aspect ratio | DN |
Solidity | area/convex area | DN |
Feret’s diameter | The longest distance between any two points along the selection boundary (maximum calliper) | mm |
Feret’s minimum | The minimum calliper diameter | mm |
Grape Cultivars | Area [mm2] | Perim. [mm] | Major [mm] | Minor [mm] | Circ. | Feret [mm] | MinFeret [mm] | AR | Round | Solidity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nero_Antico | 21.15 ± 3.29 | 19.67 ± 1.69 | 6.95 ± 0.60 | 3.86 ± 0.36 | 0.68 ± 0.04 | 7.26 ± 0.62 | 4.13 ± 0.38 | 1.81 ± 0.16 | 0.56 ± 0.05 | 0.94 ± 0.01 |
Tosta_Antica | 14.84 ± 2.10 | 16.42 ± 1.17 | 5.58 ± 0.43 | 3.37 ± 0.27 | 0.69 ± 0.03 | 5.96 ± 0.42 | 3.59 ± 0.26 | 1.66 ± 0.11 | 0.60 ± 0.04 | 0.93 ± 0.01 |
Vedovella | 17.75 ± 1.75 | 17.87 ± 1.00 | 6.25 ± 0.35 | 3.62 ± 0.31 | 0.70 ± 0.04 | 6.59 ± 0.33 | 3.87 ± 0.35 | 1.74 ± 0.18 | 0.58 ± 0.06 | 0.95 ± 0.01 |
ArcheoSantaMaria | 16.41 ± 2.24 | 17.38 ± 1.44 | 5.70 ± 0.50 | 3.66 ± 0.35 | 0.68 ± 0.06 | 6.21 ± 0.58 | 3.90 ± 0.34 | 1.57 ± 0.19 | 0.65 ± 0.08 | 0.94 ± 0.02 |
ArcheoVassarella | 15.09 ± 2.43 | 16.11 ± 1.33 | 5.46 ± 0.52 | 3.51 ± 0.40 | 0.73 ± 0.04 | 5.81 ± 0.53 | 3.68 ± 0.40 | 1.57 ± 0.20 | 0.65 ± 0.09 | 0.95 ± 0.01 |
Merlot | 17.44 ± 1.35 | 17.78 ± 0.83 | 6.17 ± 0.40 | 3.60 ± 0.21 | 0.69 ± 0.03 | 6.69 ± 0.41 | 3.90 ± 0.21 | 1.72 ± 0.16 | 0.59 ± 0.06 | 0.94 ± 0.01 |
Montepulciano | 15.29 ± 1.39 | 16.54 ± 0.95 | 5.61 ± 0.40 | 3.47 ± 0.22 | 0.70 ± 0.04 | 6.10 ± 0.46 | 3.74 ± 0.22 | 1.62 ± 0.16 | 0.62 ± 0.06 | 0.94 ± 0.01 |
Primitivo | 15.23 ± 1.59 | 16.23 ± 0.90 | 5.66 ± 0.36 | 3.42 ± 0.27 | 0.73 ± 0.04 | 5.97 ± 0.35 | 3.69 ± 0.27 | 1.66 ± 0.16 | 0.61 ± 0.06 | 0.95 ± 0.01 |
Sangiovese | 16.80 ± 2.23 | 16.81 ± 1.35 | 5.70 ± 0.49 | 3.75 ± 0.33 | 0.75 ± 0.05 | 6.01 ± 0.51 | 3.92 ± 0.33 | 1.53 ± 0.18 | 0.66 ± 0.07 | 0.96 ± 0.01 |
Passerina | 18.44 ± 2.00 | 19.50 ± 1.43 | 6.87 ± 0.50 | 3.42 ± 0.24 | 0.61 ± 0.05 | 7.30 ± 0.49 | 3.83 ± 0.28 | 2.02 ± 0.20 | 0.50 ± 0.05 | 0.91 ± 0.01 |
Pecorino | 13.67 ± 1.76 | 16.24 ± 1.27 | 5.68 ± 0.43 | 3.06 ± 0.23 | 0.65 ± 0.04 | 6.07 ± 0.48 | 3.34 ± 0.26 | 1.86 ± 0.15 | 0.54 ± 0.04 | 0.93 ± 0.02 |
Trebbiano | 17.35 ± 1.45 | 18.26 ± 1.06 | 6.15 ± 0.39 | 3.59 ± 0.18 | 0.66 ± 0.05 | 6.71 ± 0.40 | 3.91 ± 0.19 | 1.71 ± 0.13 | 0.59 ± 0.05 | 0.93 ± 0.01 |
Malvasia | 16.11 ± 1.24 | 17.58 ± 0.85 | 5.99 ± 0.35 | 3.43 ± 0.21 | 0.66 ± 0.04 | 6.51 ± 0.37 | 3.78 ± 0.22 | 1.76 ± 0.16 | 0.57 ± 0.05 | 0.92 ± 0.01 |
Cococciola | 16.43 ± 1.39 | 17.39 ± 0.78 | 6.14 ± 0.38 | 3.41 ± 0.24 | 0.68 ± 0.03 | 6.58 ± 0.34 | 3.67 ± 0.27 | 1.81 ± 0.18 | 0.56 ± 0.06 | 0.94 ± 0.01 |
Montonico | 15.84 ± 1.56 | 16.70 ± 0.85 | 5.64 ± 0.35 | 3.58 ± 0.26 | 0.71 ± 0.04 | 6.03 ± 0.36 | 3.83 ± 0.27 | 1.58 ± 0.15 | 0.64 ± 0.06 | 0.94 ± 0.01 |
Moscato | 15.67 ± 1.38 | 16.61 ± 0.76 | 5.62 ± 0.26 | 3.55 ± 0.34 | 0.72 ± 0.06 | 5.93 ± 0.26 | 3.78 ± 0.36 | 1.60 ± 0.20 | 0.63 ± 0.08 | 0.95 ± 0.02 |
Falanghina | 20.86 ± 1.31 | 19.05 ± 0.66 | 6.87 ± 0.31 | 3.87 ± 0.17 | 0.72 ± 0.03 | 7.17 ± 0.28 | 4.13 ± 0.18 | 1.78 ± 0.11 | 0.56 ± 0.04 | 0.96 ± 0.01 |
Vitis_sylvestris | 13.49 ± 1.24 | 15.14 ± 0.87 | 5.23 ± 0.39 | 3.29 ± 0.25 | 0.74 ± 0.04 | 5.48 ± 0.38 | 3.49 ± 0.25 | 1.60 ± 0.21 | 0.63 ± 0.07 | 0.95 ± 0.01 |
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Di Cecco, V.; Manzi, A.; Zulli, C.; Di Musciano, M.; D’Archivio, A.A.; Di Santo, M.; Palmerini, G.; Di Martino, L. Study of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Morphometry and Comparison with Archaeological Remains in Central Apennines. Seeds 2024, 3, 311-323. https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds3030023
Di Cecco V, Manzi A, Zulli C, Di Musciano M, D’Archivio AA, Di Santo M, Palmerini G, Di Martino L. Study of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Morphometry and Comparison with Archaeological Remains in Central Apennines. Seeds. 2024; 3(3):311-323. https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds3030023
Chicago/Turabian StyleDi Cecco, Valter, Aurelio Manzi, Camillo Zulli, Michele Di Musciano, Angelo Antonio D’Archivio, Marco Di Santo, Guido Palmerini, and Luciano Di Martino. 2024. "Study of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Morphometry and Comparison with Archaeological Remains in Central Apennines" Seeds 3, no. 3: 311-323. https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds3030023
APA StyleDi Cecco, V., Manzi, A., Zulli, C., Di Musciano, M., D’Archivio, A. A., Di Santo, M., Palmerini, G., & Di Martino, L. (2024). Study of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Morphometry and Comparison with Archaeological Remains in Central Apennines. Seeds, 3(3), 311-323. https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds3030023