Exploring the Impact of Training Methods on Repeated Sprints in Hypoxia Training Effects
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Materials and Procedures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Experimental Condition | Control Condition | Fixed Models | G Power | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Week | 2nd Week | 3rd Week | 4th Week | 1st Week | 2nd Week | 3rd Week | 4th Week | p Value/Effect Size | ||
CO2 (ppm) | 4469 ± 1660 | 5077 ± 1601 | 5064 ± 1688 | 4631 ± 1611 | 1060 ± 708 | 710 ± 226 | 966 ± 271 | 802 ± 236 | Group effects: <0.001 */0.783 ‡ Time effects: 0.899/0.012 Interactions effects: <0.001 */0.784 ‡ | 0.96 |
Relative Humidity % | 78.4 ± 11.2 | 79.3 ± 14.1 | 82.0 ± 14.4 | 79.0 ± 18.6 | 40.5 ± 8.3 | 43.4 ± 5.5 | 44.6 ± 11.4 | 40.9 ± 8.9 | Group effects: <0.001 */0.748 ‡ Time effects: 0.791/0.020 Interactions effects: <0.001 */0.750 ‡ | 0.98 |
Environmental Temperature (°C) | 21.3 ± 3.1 | 21.5 ± 2.9 | 20.2 ± 2.4 | 19.5 ± 1.8 | 21.3 ± 3.7 | 20.1 ± 2.4 | 19.7 ± 3.3 | 18.9 ± 3.7 | Group effects: 0.457/0.011 Time effects: 0.226/0.075 † Interactions effects: 0.329/0.087 † | 0.95 |
Hydration level (%) | 2.06 ± 1.23 | 1.40 ± 0.75 | 1.95 ± 1.26 | 1.62 ± 0.61 | 1.45 ± 0.87 | 0.89 ± 0.45 | 1.34 ± 0.96 | 1.15 ± 0.79 | Group effects: 0.025 */0.097 † Time effects: 0.275/0.074 † Interactions effects: 0.066/0.159 ‡ | 0.83 |
Variables | Experimental Condition | Control Condition | Fixed Models | G Power | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Week | 2nd Week | 3rd Week | 4th Week | 1st Week | 2nd Week | 3rd Week | 4th Week | p Value/Effect Size | ||
Relative power (W/kg) | 11.18 ± 2.15 | 12.01 ± 1.87 | 12.08 ± 1.70 | 12.34 ± 1.55 | 9.69 ± 2.21 | 11.44 ± 2.40 | 12.10 ± 1.91 | 11.17 ± 2.82 | Group effects: 0.187/0.087 † Time effects: 0.108/0.121 † Interactions effects: 0.144/0.137 † | 0.86 |
Peak power (W) | 718 ± 182 | 757 ± 172 | 754 ± 154 | 788 ± 186 | 677 ± 229 | 785 ± 231 | 837 ± 208 | 759 ± 243 | Group effects: 0.818/0.001 Time effects: 0.582/0.039 Interactions effects: 0.727/0.039 | 0.85 |
Heart rate (bmp) | 168 ± 9 | 174 ± 9 | 166 ± 13 | 170 ± 7 | 177 ± 6 | 175 ± 7 | 178 ± 6 | 173 ± 6 | Group effects: 0.017 */0.113 † Time effects: 0.709/0.028 Interactions effects: 0.137/0.117 † | 0.92 |
Arterial oxygen saturation (%) | 84.5 ± 3.9 | 83.2 ± 3.8 | 81.7 ± 5.6 | 81.5 ± 3.1 | 82.9 ± 3.6 | 85.9 ± 3.1 | 84.4 ± 4.1 | 84.7 ± 3.2 | Group effects: 0.101/0.060 Time effects: 0.746/0.025 Interactions effects: 0.709/0.028 | 0.96 |
SmO2 decrease (%) | 6.9 ± 4.7 | 7.0 ± 5.3 | 4.6 ± 2.1 | 4.8 ± 3.7 | 13.4 ± 9.1 | 16.5 ± 15.7 | 12.3 ± 8.1 | 13.2 ± 11.2 | Group effects: 0.002 */0.181 ‡ Time effects: 0.755/0.020 Interactions effects: 0.023 */0.196 ‡ | 0.81 |
SmO2 recovery (%) | 60 ± 16 | 34 ± 13 | 31 ± 10 | 54 ± 18 | 53 ± 23 | 51 ± 25 | 54 ± 27 | 76 ± 16 | Group effects: 0.020 */0.108 † Time effects: 0.084/0.080 † Interactions effects: 0.357/0.086 † | 0.79 |
Core temperature (°C) | 37.57 ± 0.29 | 38.01 ± 0.40 | 37.73 ± 0.25 | 37.65 ± 0.36 | 37.97 ± 0.52 | 37.84 ± 0.58 | 38.22 ± 0.85 | 38.20 ± 0.89 | Group effects: 0.060/0.086 † Time effects: 0.084/0.080 † Interactions effects: 0.357/0.086 † | 0.83 |
Variables | Experimental Condition | Control Condition | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Week | 2nd Week | 3rd Week | 4th Week | Average Range | 1st Week | 2nd Week | 3rd Week | 4th Week | Average Range | p Value/H Value | |
Thermal sensation (Scale: 0–8) | 8.36 | 8.67 | 10.25 | 6.57 | 30.4 | 5.42 | 6.63 | 5.44 | 6.40 | 24.3 | 0.134/2.24 |
RPE (Scale: 0–10) | 7.33 | 6.44 | 6.13 | 6.57 | 30.8 | 6.71 | 8.92 | 9.93 | 6.40 | 24.0 | 0.107/2.59 |
Perceived respiratory discomfort (Scale: 0–10) | 7.42 | 9.08 | 8.25 | 8.50 | 32.3 | 6.64 | 6.31 | 6.94 | 5.07 | 22.9 | 0.027 */4.89 |
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Rojas-Valverde, D.; Vasquez-Bonilla, A.A.; Timón, R.; Feliu-Ilvonen, J.M.; Martínez-Guardado, I.; Olcina, G. Exploring the Impact of Training Methods on Repeated Sprints in Hypoxia Training Effects. Oxygen 2023, 3, 366-373. https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen3030023
Rojas-Valverde D, Vasquez-Bonilla AA, Timón R, Feliu-Ilvonen JM, Martínez-Guardado I, Olcina G. Exploring the Impact of Training Methods on Repeated Sprints in Hypoxia Training Effects. Oxygen. 2023; 3(3):366-373. https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen3030023
Chicago/Turabian StyleRojas-Valverde, Daniel, Aldo A. Vasquez-Bonilla, Rafael Timón, Joan M. Feliu-Ilvonen, Ismael Martínez-Guardado, and Guillermo Olcina. 2023. "Exploring the Impact of Training Methods on Repeated Sprints in Hypoxia Training Effects" Oxygen 3, no. 3: 366-373. https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen3030023