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Article

Flywheel Resistance Training in Female Futsal Players: Muscle Power Asymmetries and Injury Risk Implications

by
Daniele Pereira da Silva Araújo
,
Pablo Augusto Garcia Agostinho
,
Suene Franciele Nunes Chaves
,
Rafael de Freitas Ferreira
,
Juliana Souza Valente
,
Claudia Eliza Patrocínio de Oliveira
and
Osvaldo Costa Moreira
*
Graduate Program in Physical Education, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa CEP 36570-000, MG, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Physiologia 2025, 5(3), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/physiologia5030026
Submission received: 1 July 2025 / Revised: 8 August 2025 / Accepted: 21 August 2025 / Published: 25 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry: 2nd Edition)
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Abstract

Introduction: Women’s futsal demands strength, agility, speed, and endurance, involving sprints, dribbling, and rapid directional changes. In this context, the hamstring/quadriceps (H/Q) strength ratio and bilateral muscle asymmetries are recognized as risk factors for lower limb injuries and may also impact athletic performance. Objective: This study aimed to analyze power output in two inertial flywheel resistance exercises and identify muscle imbalances in the lower limbs of female university futsal players. Methods: Twelve athletes (22.9 ± 2.3 years; 163 ± 6.8 cm; 60.9 ± 9.9 kg; 22.8 ± 3.1 kg/m2; ≥9 years of experience) participated in the study. They performed 2 sets of 8 unilateral knee flexion and extension repetitions per limb, following a warm-up of 20 bodyweight squats. Power output was assessed using a multi-joint isoinertial device (Physical Solutions, SP, Brazil). Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation, with significance set at α = 0.05. Results: Eccentric power was significantly higher in both exercises and limbs (EJPD = 0.003; EJPE = 0.006; FJPD < 0.001; FJPE < 0.001). An imbalance in the H/Q ratio was observed: concentric right = 50.38% ± 14.67; left = 42.46% ± 9.24; eccentric right = 56.71% ± 15.56; left = 58.38% ± 21.06. The right limb showed a greater concentric imbalance (p = 0.016). Conclusions: Eccentric power was higher in both exercises without inter-limb differences. An H/Q imbalance was detected, with greater asymmetry in the right leg for concentric power. Coaches are encouraged to prioritize eccentric training to address these imbalances.
Keywords: eccentric training; muscle imbalance; women’s futsal eccentric training; muscle imbalance; women’s futsal

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MDPI and ACS Style

da Silva Araújo, D.P.; Agostinho, P.A.G.; Chaves, S.F.N.; de Freitas Ferreira, R.; Valente, J.S.; de Oliveira, C.E.P.; Moreira, O.C. Flywheel Resistance Training in Female Futsal Players: Muscle Power Asymmetries and Injury Risk Implications. Physiologia 2025, 5, 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/physiologia5030026

AMA Style

da Silva Araújo DP, Agostinho PAG, Chaves SFN, de Freitas Ferreira R, Valente JS, de Oliveira CEP, Moreira OC. Flywheel Resistance Training in Female Futsal Players: Muscle Power Asymmetries and Injury Risk Implications. Physiologia. 2025; 5(3):26. https://doi.org/10.3390/physiologia5030026

Chicago/Turabian Style

da Silva Araújo, Daniele Pereira, Pablo Augusto Garcia Agostinho, Suene Franciele Nunes Chaves, Rafael de Freitas Ferreira, Juliana Souza Valente, Claudia Eliza Patrocínio de Oliveira, and Osvaldo Costa Moreira. 2025. "Flywheel Resistance Training in Female Futsal Players: Muscle Power Asymmetries and Injury Risk Implications" Physiologia 5, no. 3: 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/physiologia5030026

APA Style

da Silva Araújo, D. P., Agostinho, P. A. G., Chaves, S. F. N., de Freitas Ferreira, R., Valente, J. S., de Oliveira, C. E. P., & Moreira, O. C. (2025). Flywheel Resistance Training in Female Futsal Players: Muscle Power Asymmetries and Injury Risk Implications. Physiologia, 5(3), 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/physiologia5030026

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