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Foundations, Volume 5, Issue 3

2025 September - 9 articles

Cover Story: The intense and organized magnetic activity in solar active regions (ARs) can be triggered by magnetic flux tubes originating in the convective zone (or even below it) and ascending to the solar surface due to buoyancy. In the near-surface shear layer, there are conditions favorable for amplifying the magnetic field (magnetorotational instability operating in the shear layer, for instance). By comparing the results of numerical simulations and solar observations, this paper shows that the evolution and randomization of the magnetic field in actual solar ARs are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those in the numerical simulations of the small-scale MHD dynamo when considered within the framework of the concept of distributed chaos governed by fundamental MHD invariants. View this paper
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Articles (9)

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,189 Views
18 Pages

Using the results of numerical simulations and solar observations, this study shows that the transition from deterministic chaos to hard turbulence in the magnetic field generated by the emerging small-scale, near-surface (within the Sun’s oute...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sciences)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,493 Views
14 Pages

We revisit the Extended Uncertainty Principle (EUP) from an operational viewpoint, replacing wavefunction-based widths with apparatus-defined position constraints such as a finite slit of width Δx or a geodesic ball of radius R. Using Hermitian...

(This article belongs to the Section Mathematical Sciences)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,184 Views
25 Pages

The often used analytical representation of the Maxwell–Boltzmann classical speed distribution function (F) for elastic, indivisible particles assumes an infinite limit for the speed. Consequently, volume and the number of particles (n) extend...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sciences)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,312 Views
13 Pages

Knots in Polymer Molecules Under Poiseuille Flow

  • Maurice P. Schmitt and
  • Andrey Milchev

Knots are ubiquitous in polymers and biological macromolecules such as DNA and proteins, yet their behavior and functionality are still not sufficiently explored. Here we investigate the impact of Poiseuille flow on simple knots in flexible polymers...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sciences)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,687 Views
20 Pages

The aim of this work was to construct explicit expressions for the summation of Dirichlet Beta functions with odd arguments and Zeta functions with even arguments. In the established literature, this is typically done using Fourier series expansions...

(This article belongs to the Section Mathematical Sciences)
  • Opinion
  • Open Access
1,428 Views
6 Pages

Differential equations need boundary conditions (BCs) for their solution. It is widely acknowledged that differential equations and BCs are representative of independent physical processes, and no correlations between them are required. Two recent st...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sciences)
  • Hypothesis
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,508 Views
13 Pages

We introduce the concept of the magnetic metapole—a theoretical extension of classical multipole theory involving a fractional j pole count (related to the harmonic degree n as j = 2n). Defined by a scalar potential with colatitudinal dependenc...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sciences)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,465 Views
19 Pages

In this paper, we review Helmholtz–Boltzmann thermodynamics for mechanical systems depending on parameters, and we compute the Fisher information matrix for the associated probability density. The divergence of Fisher information has been used...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sciences)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,946 Views
22 Pages

This paper presents a mathematical formalism for generative artificial intelligence (GAI). Our starting point is an observation that a “histories” approach to physical systems agrees with the compositional nature of deep neural networks....

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sciences)
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Foundations - ISSN 2673-9321