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Article

Changes in Food Service Operations in a Brazilian Tourist Area: A Longitudinal Approach to the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic

by
Eduarda Marcely Franco Souza
1,
Natália Caldeira de Carvalho
1,
Iara Bank Setti
1,
Rafaela Rosa da Silva
1 and
Juliana Costa Liboredo
2,*
1
Department of Food, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Outro Preto 35402-145, Brazil
2
Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
COVID 2025, 5(8), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/covid5080130
Submission received: 16 May 2025 / Revised: 24 July 2025 / Accepted: 7 August 2025 / Published: 8 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Section COVID Public Health and Epidemiology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on food service operations in a Brazilian tourist area. It is a longitudinal observational study. Data collection was performed through telephone interviews with owners or managers of 54 food service establishments concerning the pre-pandemic period (T0) and two time points during the pandemic (T1 and T2). Findings revealed a reduction in the number of establishments providing on-site service at T1 compared to T0, followed by an increase at T2. A reduction in operating hours (56.7%) and profits (100%) affected more establishments at T1 than at T2 (26.7% and 76.7%, respectively) (p < 0.05). At T2, with the resumption of in-person activities, there was a significant decrease in the use of sales channels such as telephone (p < 0.001), messaging applications (p = 0.0012), and websites/apps/social media (p = 0.009) compared to T0 and T1. The pandemic also caused an increase in mask use by employees (p < 0.01) and the availability of hand sanitizer dispensers at establishments (p < 0.01) during T1 and T2. At T2, there was also an increase in the supply of disposable cutlery, cups (p = 0.02), and gloves for customers (p = 0.015) compared to the pre-pandemic period.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; delivery; restaurants; meals; eating out SARS-CoV-2; delivery; restaurants; meals; eating out

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Souza, E.M.F.; de Carvalho, N.C.; Setti, I.B.; da Silva, R.R.; Liboredo, J.C. Changes in Food Service Operations in a Brazilian Tourist Area: A Longitudinal Approach to the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic. COVID 2025, 5, 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/covid5080130

AMA Style

Souza EMF, de Carvalho NC, Setti IB, da Silva RR, Liboredo JC. Changes in Food Service Operations in a Brazilian Tourist Area: A Longitudinal Approach to the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic. COVID. 2025; 5(8):130. https://doi.org/10.3390/covid5080130

Chicago/Turabian Style

Souza, Eduarda Marcely Franco, Natália Caldeira de Carvalho, Iara Bank Setti, Rafaela Rosa da Silva, and Juliana Costa Liboredo. 2025. "Changes in Food Service Operations in a Brazilian Tourist Area: A Longitudinal Approach to the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic" COVID 5, no. 8: 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/covid5080130

APA Style

Souza, E. M. F., de Carvalho, N. C., Setti, I. B., da Silva, R. R., & Liboredo, J. C. (2025). Changes in Food Service Operations in a Brazilian Tourist Area: A Longitudinal Approach to the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic. COVID, 5(8), 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/covid5080130

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