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Constr. Mater., Volume 1, Issue 3 (December 2021) – 3 articles

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15 pages, 5255 KiB  
Article
Microencapsulated Phase Changing Materials for Gypsum Plasters: A Practical Approach
by Vincent Claude, Stéphane Charron, Fabrice de Barquin and Inge Dirkx
Constr. Mater. 2021, 1(3), 188-202; https://doi.org/10.3390/constrmater1030012 - 9 Nov 2021
Viewed by 3166
Abstract
Several studies have shown the feasibility and thermal potential of gypsum plaster with microspheres of PCM, but very few of them investigated an approach with practical and standards concern. In this work, different characterizations are performed according to European standards on a standard [...] Read more.
Several studies have shown the feasibility and thermal potential of gypsum plaster with microspheres of PCM, but very few of them investigated an approach with practical and standards concern. In this work, different characterizations are performed according to European standards on a standard gypsum plaster and two different gypsum plasters formulated with 20 wt.% of PCM microspheres. A material is experimentally made by mixing conventional gypsum and PCM microspheres, whereas the other is an already prepared commercial mix. For the laboratory material, the addition of PCM increases the consistency of the fresh paste of plaster. In order to reach a consistency in agreement with the standards more water is required. This higher amount of water causes further issues on the densification and cohesion properties. In contrary, the properties of the commercial mix are closer to a common plaster. It is therefore assumed that the commercial material incorporates thinner additives. In view of these results, it is assumed that most of the drawbacks due to the addition of PCM microspheres in gypsum plasters could effectively be encountered by adequate addition of additives in order to reduce the amount of water, and binding resins in order to improve the adhesion and mechanical properties. Full article
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19 pages, 60466 KiB  
Article
Non-Linear Numerical Modelling of Sustainable Advanced Composite Columns Made from Bamboo Culms
by Cameron Richardson and Amir Mofidi
Constr. Mater. 2021, 1(3), 169-187; https://doi.org/10.3390/constrmater1030011 - 20 Oct 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3384
Abstract
The present article uses the finite element analysis (FEA) software ABAQUS to model a bamboo-based advanced composite column for construction. Different numerical models were analysed to be able to predict the behaviour of a bamboo-based composite column tested by the same group. Bamboo-based [...] Read more.
The present article uses the finite element analysis (FEA) software ABAQUS to model a bamboo-based advanced composite column for construction. Different numerical models were analysed to be able to predict the behaviour of a bamboo-based composite column tested by the same group. Bamboo-based composites maintain the inherent excellent mechanical properties of raw bamboo whilst adding a certain degree of processing and engineering. Thus, the composite individual samples are more consistent and reliable when compared with their raw counterparts. A buckling analysis is carried out to determine the response of the composites to axial compressive loading. Different modelling elements and imperfection parameters were implemented separately in different FEA models so that the efficacy of each could be established and suggestions could be made with regard to the modelling elements and size of imperfection that should be used in future models. The results are compared to empirical findings, giving insights into the quality of results that can be obtained using numerical modelling. This also allowed for an evaluation of the methods and assumptions applied in the model. The load at rupture and displacements obtained by the numerical model were comparable to the experimental findings, with only minor differences observed. Full article
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35 pages, 7101 KiB  
Review
Clay as a Sustainable Binder for Concrete—A Review
by Seyed Sina Mousavi, Chandrasekhar Bhojaraju and Claudiane Ouellet-Plamondon
Constr. Mater. 2021, 1(3), 134-168; https://doi.org/10.3390/constrmater1030010 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 10163
Abstract
The negative environmental impacts of Portland cement as a binder in the construction industry have created a growing impetus to develop sustainable alternative binders. Various types of clay have been considered as potential cement replacements. The impact of clays as cement replacement depends [...] Read more.
The negative environmental impacts of Portland cement as a binder in the construction industry have created a growing impetus to develop sustainable alternative binders. Various types of clay have been considered as potential cement replacements. The impact of clays as cement replacement depends on the dosage and treatment methods. This paper presents a comprehensive review to determine the effects of different types of clay on the fresh and hardened properties of concrete mixtures by analyzing the experimental database reported by the literature, including raw, calcined, modified, nano, and organo. This study intends to show the process of optimizing the use of clay in concrete, the reason behind converting raw clay to modified types, and research gaps through a comparison study between different types of clays. The present review study shows that clay-based concrete mixtures have higher thixotropy and yield stress values, improving shape stability. This results in lower early-age shrinkage of the concrete. However, the high floc strength of clay-based concrete causes a reduction in flowability. Treatment methods of raw clay, such as calcination and nano-sized clay particles, improve concrete compressive strength. General results of the previous studies highlight that all types of clay investigated positively affect the resistance of concrete to environmental attack. Full article
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