Morphological and Performance Biomechanics Profiles of Draft Preparation American-Style Football Players
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Morphological Measurements
2.2. Running Kinetics
2.3. Countermovement Jump Measurements
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. MANOVA Group Differences
3.2. Radar Plot
4. Discussion
4.1. Big Player Group
4.2. Skill Player Group
4.3. Big–Skill Player Group
4.4. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Position | Description | Group |
---|---|---|
Offensive linemen | Protect the quarterback by blocking the defensive line of the opposition; typically, do not handle the ball (aside from the snap from the center lineman) | Big |
Quarterbacks | Receives the ball to start the play, where he may run the ball himself, throw it to a player further up the field, or hand it to a ball carrier to run with it | Big–skill |
Running backs | May be handed the ball to run with it, catch passes, or block | Skill |
Tight ends | Hybrid position and may block or run routes and catch passes | Big–skill |
Wide receivers | Run pass routes and catch the ball | Skill |
Defensive backs | Cover wide receivers to break up passes and to make interceptions | Skill |
Defensive linemen | Rush the quarterback, tackle runners to disrupt the play | Big |
Linebackers | Tackle ball carriers, rush the quarterback | Big–skill |
Variable | Units | Definition |
---|---|---|
Jump height | cm | Maximal displacement of the participant’s center of mass (CoM); (take-off velocity)2/2(9.81 m/s2) |
Reactive strength index, modified | m/s | Ability to change quickly from eccentric to concentric contraction; jump height/contraction time |
Normalized peak power | W/kg | Highest power output during the jump relative to a participant’s body mass |
Concentric impulse asymmetry | % | Absolute difference in the right and left limbs in total work from the point of the lowest portion of the CoM to the point of take-off, or the propulsion phase |
Eccentric impulse asymmetry | % | Absolute difference in the right and left limbs in total work from the point the movement starts to the lowest point of the CoM depth |
Player Position Group | Total Body Mass (kg) | Lean Body Mass (kg) | Body Fat (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Skill (n = 27) | 89.3 ± 7.6 b (85.8, 92.7) | 80.9 ± 6.9 b (78.6, 83.3) | 9.3 ± 2.8 b (7.6, 10.9) | |||
Big–skill (n = 11) | 105.6 ± 4.0 b (100.2, 111.0) | 93.8 ± 4.6 b (90.1, 97.5) | 11.1 ± 3.4 b (8.6, 13.7) | |||
Big (n = 17) | 126.7 ± 12.5 a (122.4, 131.1) | 102.3 ± 5.5 a (99.5, 105.3) | 18.8 ± 6.2 a (16.7, 20.8) | |||
Pairwise Comparisons | ||||||
p value | d | p value | d | p value | d | |
Skill vs. Big–skill | <0.001 | 2.68 | <0.001 | 2.20 | 0.233 | 0.58 |
Skill vs. Big | <0.001 | 3.62 | <0.001 | 3.55 | <0.001 | 1.97 |
Big–skill vs. Big | <0.001 | 2.27 | <0.001 | 1.77 | <0.001 | 1.54 |
Player Position Group | Running GCT (sec) | Running GCT Asymmetry (%) | Running Force (BW) | Running Force Asymmetry (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Skill (n = 27) | 0.15 ± 0.02 b (0.14, 0.16) | 3.3 ± 3.6 b (1.8, 4.6) | 2.94 ± 0.31 a (2.82, 3.1) | 5.2 ± 4.4 a (2.8, 3.1) | ||||
Big–skill (n = 11) | 0.16 ± 0.02 b (0.15, 0.18) | 4.3 ± 3.1 a (2.2, 6.4) | 2.73 ± 0.28 ab (2.54, 2.92) | 7.6 ± 11.3 a (2.6, 3.0) | ||||
Big (n = 17) | 0.20 ± 0.03 a (0.19, 0.21) | 1.5 ± 2.4 b (0.2, 2.8) | 2.68 ± 0.35 b (2.52, 2.83) | 5.4 ± 4.7 (2.5, 2.8) | ||||
Pairwise Comparisons | ||||||||
p value | d | p value | d | p value | d | p value | d | |
Skill vs. Big–skill | 0.430 | 0.50 | 0.485 | 0.30 | 0.233 | 0.71 | 0.381 | 0.28 |
Skill vs. Big | <0.001 | 1.96 | <0.001 | 0.59 | <0.001 | 0.79 | 0.020 | 0.04 |
Big–skill vs. Big | 0.001 | 1.57 | <0.001 | 1.01 | <0.001 | 0.16 | >0.999 | 0.25 |
Player Position Group | CMJ Height (cm) | RSImod (m/s) | Normalized Peak Power (W/kg) | Eccentric Impulse Asymmetry (%) | Concentric Impulse Asymmetry (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Skill (n = 27) | 46.7 ± 5.8 a (43.2, 47.6) | 0.62 ± 0.12 a (0.57, 0.66) | 63.2 ± 4.7 a (61.2, 65.1) | 9.0 ± 7.4 a (6.5, 11.6) | 5.7 ± 6.5 a (3.4, 8.1) | |||||
Big–skill (n = 11) | 42.3 ± 3.5 ab (38.8, 45.5) | 0.52 ± 0.07 ab (0.45, 0.60) | 59.0 ± 2.0 ab (56.0, 61.9) | 9.5 ± 5.9 a (5.6, 13.5) | 6.5 ± 5.7 a (2.8, 10.1) | |||||
Big (n = 17) | 38.9 ± 6.7 b (36.7, 45.7) | 0.48 ± 0.13 b (0.42, 0.54) | 55.3 ± 6.4 b (52.9, 57.7) | 7.9 ± 5.5 a (3.1, 9.0) | 6.1 ± 5.6 a (4.7, 11.1) | |||||
Pairwise Comparisons | ||||||||||
p value | d | p value | d | p value | d | p value | d | p value | d | |
Skill vs. Big–skill | 0.430 | 0.92 | 0.106 | 1.02 | 0.063 | 1.16 | >0.999 | 0.07 | >0.999 | 0.13 |
Skill vs. Big | <0.001 | 1.24 | <0.001 | 1.12 | <0.001 | 1.41 | >0.999 | 0.17 | >0.999 | 0.07 |
Big–skill vs. Big | 0.001 | 0.64 | 0.957 | 0.38 | 0.180 | 0.78 | >0.999 | 0.28 | >0.999 | 0.07 |
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Mokha, M.; Berrocales, M.; Rohman, A.; Schafer, A.; Stensland, J.; Petruzzelli, J.; Nasri, A.; Thompson, T.; Taha, E.; Bommarito, P. Morphological and Performance Biomechanics Profiles of Draft Preparation American-Style Football Players. Biomechanics 2024, 4, 685-697. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4040049
Mokha M, Berrocales M, Rohman A, Schafer A, Stensland J, Petruzzelli J, Nasri A, Thompson T, Taha E, Bommarito P. Morphological and Performance Biomechanics Profiles of Draft Preparation American-Style Football Players. Biomechanics. 2024; 4(4):685-697. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4040049
Chicago/Turabian StyleMokha, Monique, Maria Berrocales, Aidan Rohman, Andrew Schafer, Jack Stensland, Joseph Petruzzelli, Ahmad Nasri, Talia Thompson, Easa Taha, and Pete Bommarito. 2024. "Morphological and Performance Biomechanics Profiles of Draft Preparation American-Style Football Players" Biomechanics 4, no. 4: 685-697. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4040049
APA StyleMokha, M., Berrocales, M., Rohman, A., Schafer, A., Stensland, J., Petruzzelli, J., Nasri, A., Thompson, T., Taha, E., & Bommarito, P. (2024). Morphological and Performance Biomechanics Profiles of Draft Preparation American-Style Football Players. Biomechanics, 4(4), 685-697. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4040049