GIS-Based Subsurface Analysis and 3D Geological Modeling as a Tool for Combined Conventional Mining and In-Situ Coal Conversion: The Case of Kardia Lignite Mine, Western Greece
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological and Geomorphological Settings
3. Materials and Methods
Geospatial Analysis Framework and Resolution
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Geospatial Analysis Results
4.2. Three-Dimensional Geological Modelling
4.3. UCG Site Identification
4.4. Three-Dimensional Hydrolithological Model
Lithology | Hydrolithological Unit | Hydraulic Conductivity Range (m/d) | Average Value (m/d) |
---|---|---|---|
Sand, Clay, Breccia, and Conglomerate | Pleistocene–Pliocene formation: Sandy Clay & Sand alternations | 1.03 to 25.92 | 13.48 |
Marl and Lignite | Lignite sequence: Marl and Lignite alternations | 0.05 to 0.32 | 0.191 |
5. Conclusions
- The creation of a geoinventory and the development of a GIS-managed database;
- The generation of 2D maps and 3D models as long as datasets;
- The creation of 3D lithological and hydrolithological models through a solid modeling methodology and regarding spatial analysis and SQL queries;
- The identification of a suitable area regarding borehole information, UCG major criteria, and spatial distribution of lithology,
- The development of a new high-resolution model to better interpret and understand the subsurface conditions.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lithological Units | Code |
---|---|
Soil | SO |
Clay | AL |
Sand | SN |
Silt | SI |
Marl | MR |
Conglomerate | KC |
Coal | CO |
Limestone | LI |
Breccia | BC |
Borehole | X (UTM WGS84) | Y (UTM WGS84) | Elevation (m a.s.l.) | Total Depth (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
KND-5/14 | 565,555.3 | 4,474,715 | 670.86 | 354 |
T6D-051 | 565,422.6 | 4,474,529 | 669.44 | 384 |
KND-3/14 | 565,454.5 | 4,474,827 | 666.89 | 381 |
T6D-040 | 565,346.6 | 4,474,617 | 669.49 | 367 |
T6D-134 | 565,125.3 | 4,474,595 | 674.54 | 394 |
T6D-050 | 565,079.4 | 4,474,711 | 671.98 | 421 |
242/228 | 564,988.3 | 4,474,596 | 672.54 | 386 |
T6D-059 | 564,859.4 | 4,474,473 | 676.86 | 430 |
T6-D60 | 564,680.1 | 4,474,598 | 680.60 | 343 |
T6D-079 | 564,631.2 | 4,474,449 | 685.93 | 386 |
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Krassakis, P.; Pyrgaki, K.; Gemeni, V.; Roumpos, C.; Louloudis, G.; Koukouzas, N. GIS-Based Subsurface Analysis and 3D Geological Modeling as a Tool for Combined Conventional Mining and In-Situ Coal Conversion: The Case of Kardia Lignite Mine, Western Greece. Mining 2022, 2, 297-314. https://doi.org/10.3390/mining2020016
Krassakis P, Pyrgaki K, Gemeni V, Roumpos C, Louloudis G, Koukouzas N. GIS-Based Subsurface Analysis and 3D Geological Modeling as a Tool for Combined Conventional Mining and In-Situ Coal Conversion: The Case of Kardia Lignite Mine, Western Greece. Mining. 2022; 2(2):297-314. https://doi.org/10.3390/mining2020016
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrassakis, Pavlos, Konstantina Pyrgaki, Vasiliki Gemeni, Christos Roumpos, Georgios Louloudis, and Nikolaos Koukouzas. 2022. "GIS-Based Subsurface Analysis and 3D Geological Modeling as a Tool for Combined Conventional Mining and In-Situ Coal Conversion: The Case of Kardia Lignite Mine, Western Greece" Mining 2, no. 2: 297-314. https://doi.org/10.3390/mining2020016