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J. Respir., Volume 4, Issue 4 (December 2024) – 4 articles

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12 pages, 2485 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Safety and Efficacy of Self-Expanding Metallic Y Stents in a Community Medicine Setting
by Daniel Jacob Smith, Russell Vo, Parker Lachowsky, Ann Davis, Isha Puri and Sai Karan Vamsi Guda
J. Respir. 2024, 4(4), 223-234; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor4040020 - 16 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1085
Abstract
Self-Expanding Metallic (SEM) Y stents are a newer form of stent that is gaining popularity outside the USA, but still has limited data, especially in a community medicine setting. This study analyzed efficacy and complication rates in 14 patients who had a SEM [...] Read more.
Self-Expanding Metallic (SEM) Y stents are a newer form of stent that is gaining popularity outside the USA, but still has limited data, especially in a community medicine setting. This study analyzed efficacy and complication rates in 14 patients who had a SEM Y stent placed between August 2022 and June 2024 at Harris Methodist Hospital in Fort Worth, Texas for either central airway obstruction (CAO) or fistulae. Of the 14 patients, 11 were requiring supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation prior to stent placement. Post-stenting 42.9% had decreased oxygen requirements, 21.4% unchanged, 14.3% increased, and 21.4% remained on room air. Complications included mucus plugging (42.9%), infection (35.7%), and granulation tissue (14.3%). There was no statistically significant correlation between gender/age and complications (p = 0.879/0.490, respectively). Complication rates were similar when compared to silicone Y stents based on literature review. In conclusion, SEM Y stents are a safe and effective alternative stent intended for palliative treatment with similar success and complications that can be easily and effectively implemented in a community hospital, with the added benefit of being able to be placed with flexible bronchoscopy. Full article
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13 pages, 452 KiB  
Review
The 2023 British Thoracic Society Guideline for Pleural Disease Update on Malignant Pleural Effusion
by Kavita Sivabalah, Haval Balata, Chris Craig, Alaa Alsaaty, Kevin Conroy, Wei Hann Ong and Avinash Aujayeb
J. Respir. 2024, 4(4), 210-222; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor4040019 - 26 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 6698
Abstract
The management of malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) has developed hugely since the publication of the management of an MPE: British Thoracic Society (BTS) Pleural Disease Guideline 2010. The presence of an MPE reflects advanced or metastatic disease (excluding malignant pleural mesothelioma) and thus [...] Read more.
The management of malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) has developed hugely since the publication of the management of an MPE: British Thoracic Society (BTS) Pleural Disease Guideline 2010. The presence of an MPE reflects advanced or metastatic disease (excluding malignant pleural mesothelioma) and thus the management of MPE often focuses on symptomatic relief of symptoms and improving quality of life. We provide a review of the 2023 BTS guidance in relation to malignant pleural effusions and specific points on imaging and systemic anti-cancer treatment by concentrating on a hypothetical patient vignette. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Journal of Respiration)
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12 pages, 1088 KiB  
Systematic Review
GSDMB Gene Polymorphisms and Their Association with Asthma Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case–Control Studies
by Maria E. Ramos-Nino and Prakash V. A. K. Ramdass
J. Respir. 2024, 4(4), 198-209; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor4040018 - 11 Nov 2024
Viewed by 2224
Abstract
Background: Asthma is a respiratory disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The rs7216389 polymorphism in the gasdermin B (GSDMB) gene on chromosome 17q21 has been implicated in asthma susceptibility with conflicting results. This meta-analysis aims to bring forward new findings on the [...] Read more.
Background: Asthma is a respiratory disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The rs7216389 polymorphism in the gasdermin B (GSDMB) gene on chromosome 17q21 has been implicated in asthma susceptibility with conflicting results. This meta-analysis aims to bring forward new findings on the association between this polymorphism and asthma across diverse populations and its potential as a genetic marker for asthma risk. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted through March 2024, and odd ratios were calculated. Results: The meta-analysis included 22 studies with a total of 9012 asthma patients and 11,657 controls. The results show an OR = 1.24, 95% CI [1.13, 1.37], p < 0.00001. Subgroup analyses stratified by age and ethnicity between asthma patients with T alleles vs. C alleles demonstrated an association between having the T allele and asthma susceptibility across Asian, Caucasian, and American minorities, but not among Arabs. Young asthma patients with the dominant allele (T) showed higher asthma risk than those with C allele or heterozygote TC, and to a higher extent than for adults. Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicates the importance of genetic factors in asthma in certain ethnicities and underscores the potential utility of the rs7216389 polymorphism as a genetic marker for asthma risk assessment. Full article
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10 pages, 237 KiB  
Article
Experiences of Physical Activity in Mesothelioma: A Qualitative Enquiry
by Lorelle Dismore, Leah Taylor, Christopher Hurst, Avinash Aujayeb, Hannah Poulter and Katherine Swainston
J. Respir. 2024, 4(4), 188-197; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor4040017 - 16 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1717
Abstract
Patients with a mesothelioma diagnosis often have relatively sedentary lifestyles and low physical activity. Reducing sedentary behaviour and being more active could be beneficial. A greater understanding of the factors associated with physical activity is needed to inform the development of interventions. Semi-structured [...] Read more.
Patients with a mesothelioma diagnosis often have relatively sedentary lifestyles and low physical activity. Reducing sedentary behaviour and being more active could be beneficial. A greater understanding of the factors associated with physical activity is needed to inform the development of interventions. Semi-structured interviews with patients with mesothelioma and informal carers were performed and analysed thematically. Three themes were generated: (1) the impact of disease burden and physical and psychological symptoms, (2) the psychosocial consequences and benefits of physical activity and (3) unpredictability and maintaining control. Participants had become increasingly sedentary during diagnosis and while undergoing treatment. Symptoms were key factors contributing to these reductions. Being less active reduced social connectedness and impacted psychological well-being. Some participants had lost confidence in being active and were worried about the potential negative consequences of doing more. Being able to walk was a priority, and they felt hopeful about increasing this in the future, but this depended on optimisation of symptoms. Clear guidance from healthcare professionals was needed to support engagement in physical activity. Declines in physical activity can have meaningful consequences for patients. Optimisation of symptoms is important to devise strategies to support patients with physical activity. Along with encouragement from healthcare professionals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Journal of Respiration)
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