Journal of Respiration

11 pages, 7266 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Extramedullary Pulmonary Manifestations of Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Case Series and Brief Review of the Literature

by Sagar Kumar, Anita Mazloom, Marialaina Carter, FNU Manisha, Jacek Polski and Omar Alkharabsheh

J. Respir. 2024, 4(3), 177-187; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor4030016 - 2 Sep 2024

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Abstract

Extramedullary myeloma with pulmonary and pleural involvement is rare and can present in different ways. Here we present two cases of extramedullary pulmonary disease in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Background: Multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease with unmet need for new treatments for high-risk disease such as extramedullary plasmacytoma. Relapses can occur at different stages due to the heterogeneity of the disease. While relapsed/refractory disease can be challenging to treat, progression can also lead to extramedullary disease which indicates an aggressive form with poor outcomes. Pulmonary extramedullary disease can present in various ways, such as a lung mass, parenchymal infiltrates, pleural mass, or pleural effusion. Objective: Our case series highlights two different presentations of pulmonary extramedullary disease and a review of the treatment of relapsed/refractory myeloma. Our patients highlight the progression of their multiple myeloma due to the aggressive nature of their extramedullary disease. Their cases emphasize the importance of new targeted treatments to treat extramedullary disease and penta-refractory disease as there is no currently accepted standard regimen for this difficult to treat condition. Full article

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14 pages, 253 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Implementation of Portable Digital Chest X-ray Machine for Tuberculosis Contact Tracing in Oyo and Osun States, Nigeria: A Formative Assessment

by Patrick Dakum, Aderonke Agbaje, Olugbenga Daniel, Chukwuma Anyaike, Obioma Chijoke-Akaniro, Evaezi Okpokoro, Samuel Akingbesote, Christian Anyomi, Adekola Adekunle, Abiola Alege, Moroof Gbadamosi, Olutunde Babalola, Charles Mensah, Rupert Eneogu, Austin Ihesie, Debby Nongo and Ademola Adelekan

J. Respir. 2024, 4(3), 163-176; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor4030015 - 14 Aug 2024

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Abstract

This paper presents a formative assessment for the implementation of mobile portable chest X-ray (PDX) machines for tuberculosis (TB) contact tracing in the Oyo and Osun states, Nigeria. This descriptive qualitative study was carried out in eight local government areas, and 24 focus group discussions and 30 key informant interviews were conducted using a four-stage sampling technique to select participants. Validated transcribed notes were entered and analyzed using Nvivo. The respondents’ ages ranged from 17 to 85 years, with a mean age of 42.08 ± 14.9 years, and 4.0% had a postgraduate degree. The majority of government officials stated that deploying the PDX machine for screening at the community level is the best means for implementation because it will offer a level of proximity convenience to the TB contacts and assuage concerns about the cost of transportation to the health facility. In addition, it was suggested that TB community screening should be carried out with screening for other health conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes. This portable X-ray machine intervention, therefore, should be implemented at the community level for contact tracing to allow more TB contacts living with the index patient to be screened without proximity and transportation constraints. Full article

5 pages, 2093 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Primary Pulmonary Myxoid Sarcoma in an Asymptomatic 47-Year-Old Female

by Alex I. Halpern, Mohadese Behtaj, Elham Arbzadeh and Keith D. Mortman

J. Respir. 2024, 4(3), 158-162; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor4030014 - 2 Aug 2024

Viewed by 451

Abstract

Primary pulmonary myxoid sarcoma (PPMS) is a rarely reported, low-grade malignant endobronchial tumor. We describe a case of PPMS in an asymptomatic 47-year-old female. We highlight the clinical and pathologic aspects of PPMS and its relationship with angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. Full article

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6 pages, 698 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Trastuzumab-Induced Organising Pneumonia in Breast Cancer Patient

by Sapna Dixit, Jyoti Bajpai, Surya Kant, Ajay Kumar Verma and Puneet Prakash

J. Respir. 2024, 4(3), 152-157; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor4030013 - 2 Jul 2024

Viewed by 531

Abstract

Patients with metastatic breast cancer often have respiratory symptoms due to various causes. Trastuzumab is a drug used in the treatment of HER2/neu over-expressing breast cancer patients. Organising pneumonia is a type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia that mimics infection or progressive disease and can be difficult to diagnose in the setting of malignancy. Making a correct diagnosis is of extreme importance since any delay in the treatment can result in significant adverse patient outcome. Here, we have described a case of organising pneumonia associated with the use of trastuzumab in metastatic breast cancer patients. On the basis of clinical data, including findings such as a decreased PaO2 level and findings on chest CT scan, these patients were diagnosed with drug-induced organising pneumonia. Although it is a rare adverse event associated with trastuzumab, it may cause rapid deterioration without preceding symptoms; hence, even though it is very rare, with an incidence of less than 2%, it is still crucial to intervene so as to prevent the occurrence of such an unfavourable outcome by means of close observation and early diagnosis along with an early withdrawal of the drug and an immediate commencement of corticosteroid therapy. Full article

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J. Respir., Volume 4, Issue 3 (September 2024) – 4 articles

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