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Volume 7
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Retraction of Earth 2025, 6(4), 137.
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Retraction

RETRACTED: Sarker, M.M.H.; Bipa, N.J. Spectral Analysis of Ocean Variability at Helgoland Roads, North Sea: A Time Series Study. Earth 2025, 6, 137

by
Md Monzer Hossain Sarker
1,2,* and
Nusrat Jahan Bipa
3,4
1
Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, 9747 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
2
Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
3
Sustainable Development and Climate Change, University School for Advanced Studies IUSS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
4
Faculty of Engineering, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Universitätsplatz 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Earth 2026, 7(3), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/earth7030100
Submission received: 6 May 2026 / Accepted: 2 June 2026 / Published: 11 June 2026
Versions Notes
The journal retracts the article titled “Spectral Analysis of Ocean Variability at Helgoland Roads, North Sea: A Time Series Study” [1], cited above.
Following publication, concerns were brought to the attention of the Editorial Office regarding unauthorized use of propriety data presented within this article [1].
In accordance with the journal’s standard procedures, an investigation was con-ducted by the Editorial Office and Editorial Board that confirmed that appropriate permission to publish the underlying data was not obtained and that this publication breached the embargo period as set out by POGO Centre of Excellence and Alfred Wegener Institute. The authors were cooperative and responsive throughout the investigation process, however as retroactive permission could not be obtained, the Editorial Board has decided to retract this article as per MDPI’s retraction policy.
This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the Earth journal.
The authors agreed to this retraction.

Reference

  1. Sarker, M.M.H.; Bipa, N.J. RETRACTED: Spectral Analysis of Ocean Variability at Helgoland Roads, North Sea: A Time Series Study. Earth 2025, 6, 137. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sarker, M.M.H.; Bipa, N.J. RETRACTED: Sarker, M.M.H.; Bipa, N.J. Spectral Analysis of Ocean Variability at Helgoland Roads, North Sea: A Time Series Study. Earth 2025, 6, 137. Earth 2026, 7, 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/earth7030100

AMA Style

Sarker MMH, Bipa NJ. RETRACTED: Sarker, M.M.H.; Bipa, N.J. Spectral Analysis of Ocean Variability at Helgoland Roads, North Sea: A Time Series Study. Earth 2025, 6, 137. Earth. 2026; 7(3):100. https://doi.org/10.3390/earth7030100

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sarker, Md Monzer Hossain, and Nusrat Jahan Bipa. 2026. "RETRACTED: Sarker, M.M.H.; Bipa, N.J. Spectral Analysis of Ocean Variability at Helgoland Roads, North Sea: A Time Series Study. Earth 2025, 6, 137" Earth 7, no. 3: 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/earth7030100

APA Style

Sarker, M. M. H., & Bipa, N. J. (2026). RETRACTED: Sarker, M.M.H.; Bipa, N.J. Spectral Analysis of Ocean Variability at Helgoland Roads, North Sea: A Time Series Study. Earth 2025, 6, 137. Earth, 7(3), 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/earth7030100

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