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Article

Coordinated Optimization of Configuration and Control for Reversible Substations Equipped with Bidirectional Converter Devices Considering Life-Cycle Cost

School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electricity 2026, 7(2), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/electricity7020052
Submission received: 13 February 2026 / Revised: 31 March 2026 / Accepted: 28 May 2026 / Published: 4 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stability, Operation, and Control in Power Systems)

Abstract

The growing demand for energy-efficient urban rail transit has led to the increasing deployment of reversible substations (RS) in traction power supply systems. These substations, equipped with bidirectional converter devices (BCDs), involve high initial costs and complex parameter optimization challenges. This paper presents a coordinated optimization method for BCD-equipped RS using a two-layer model. In the upper layer, the model determines the siting of RS and the capacity of BCD to minimize life-cycle cost (LCC). In the lower layer, it adjusts the control parameters of BCDs to reduce annual operating cost. An improved salp swarm algorithm (ISSA), incorporating Tent chaotic mapping and Levy flight, is developed to solve the model. A case study based on an 18.2 km subway line shows that the optimized configuration reduces overall cost by 5.12% and electricity cost by 10.53% compared with a conventional rectifier system. Moreover, it achieves a 1.19% reduction in electricity cost over a system with fixed control parameters, while maintaining rail potential and catenary voltage within safe limits. These findings demonstrate that the proposed method strikes an effective balance between initial investment and long-term operational benefits, contributing to improved energy efficiency and economic performance.
Keywords: traction power supply system; bidirectional converter device; two-layer optimization model; life-cycle cost; improved salp swarm algorithm traction power supply system; bidirectional converter device; two-layer optimization model; life-cycle cost; improved salp swarm algorithm

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wu, J.; Liu, W.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, X.; Xia, D. Coordinated Optimization of Configuration and Control for Reversible Substations Equipped with Bidirectional Converter Devices Considering Life-Cycle Cost. Electricity 2026, 7, 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/electricity7020052

AMA Style

Wu J, Liu W, Zhang J, Zhang X, Xia D. Coordinated Optimization of Configuration and Control for Reversible Substations Equipped with Bidirectional Converter Devices Considering Life-Cycle Cost. Electricity. 2026; 7(2):52. https://doi.org/10.3390/electricity7020052

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wu, Jiayi, Wei Liu, Jian Zhang, Xiaodong Zhang, and Dingxin Xia. 2026. "Coordinated Optimization of Configuration and Control for Reversible Substations Equipped with Bidirectional Converter Devices Considering Life-Cycle Cost" Electricity 7, no. 2: 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/electricity7020052

APA Style

Wu, J., Liu, W., Zhang, J., Zhang, X., & Xia, D. (2026). Coordinated Optimization of Configuration and Control for Reversible Substations Equipped with Bidirectional Converter Devices Considering Life-Cycle Cost. Electricity, 7(2), 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/electricity7020052

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