Micro Structural Study of Concrete with Indigenous Volcanic Ash †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedures
2.1. Material Used
2.1.1. Volcanic Ash
2.1.2. Cement
2.1.3. Coarse/Fine Aggregate
2.2. Concrete Mix Proportion
Sample Preparation
2.3. Tests Performed
Compressive Strength and Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Concrete
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Compressive Strength and Microstructure of VA Concrete 1:2:4
3.2. Cost Benefit Analysis
4. Conclusions
- The compressive strength of concrete with 10% VA replacement enhances the composite strength compared to the control specimen;
- SEM analysis reveals that VA particles react with the CH to form densified C-S-H gel. In addition, deviation of cracks is observed, which is a good sign for strength and durability;
- Incorporating Volcanic Ash (VA) in concrete construction leads to a significant cost reduction of 11% when considering the desired compressive strength.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chemical Composition | Physical Composition | ||
---|---|---|---|
Oxide | VA (%Age by Mass) | Characteristics | VA |
SiO2 | 53.69 | Specific Gravity | 2.67% |
Al2O3 | 17.43 | Soundness | No Expansion |
Fe2O3 | 9.52 | Retain on sieve # 325 max (%) | 33 |
CaO | 7.00 | ||
MgO | 3.87 | ||
Na2O | 3.57 | ||
K2O | 0.86 | ||
SO3 | 0.16 | ||
Lime saturation Factor | 3.89 | ||
Silica Modulus | 1.99 | ||
Aluminum Modulus | 1.83 | ||
L.O. I | 1.3 |
Concrete Mix Composition | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mixes | Cement (Kg/m3) | Volcanic Ash (Kg/m3) | Water (w/c = 0.5) (Kg/m3) | Fine Aggregate (Kg/m3) | Coarse Aggregate (Kg/m3) |
Control Sample | 320 | 0 | 160 | 640 | 1280 |
V10 | 288 | 32 | 160 | 640 | 1280 |
V20 | 256 | 64 | 160 | 640 | 1280 |
P.C.C Control Sample | P.C.C with 10% Replacement | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameters | Quantity | Rates | Amount | Quantity | Rates | Amount |
Cement | 6.4 Bags | Rs. 1350/Bag | Rs. 8640/- | 5.12 Bags | Rs. 1350/Bag | Rs. 6912/- |
VA | - | - | - | 64 Kg | Rs. 3/Kg | Rs. 192/- |
Sand | 16 ft3 | Rs. 80/ft3 | Rs. 1280/- | 16 ft3 | Rs. 80/ft3 | Rs. 1280/- |
Crush | 32 ft3 | Rs. 110/ft3 | Rs. 3520/- | 32 ft3 | Rs. 110/ft3 | Rs. 3520/- |
Labor for pouring and curing | 35.311 ft3 | Rs. 30/ft3 | Rs. 1059/- | 35.311 ft3 | Rs. 30/ft3 | Rs. 1059/- |
Total | 14,499/- | 12,963/- | ||||
Cost reduction | Rs. 1536/Cum (11%) |
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Bashir, M.I.; Elahi, A. Micro Structural Study of Concrete with Indigenous Volcanic Ash. Eng. Proc. 2023, 44, 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023044019
Bashir MI, Elahi A. Micro Structural Study of Concrete with Indigenous Volcanic Ash. Engineering Proceedings. 2023; 44(1):19. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023044019
Chicago/Turabian StyleBashir, Muhammad Iqbal, and Ayub Elahi. 2023. "Micro Structural Study of Concrete with Indigenous Volcanic Ash" Engineering Proceedings 44, no. 1: 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023044019