Development of Smart Kneecap with Electrical Stimulation ^†

This research was conducted to develop a textile electrode-based TENS module, as an alternative to overcome the shortcomings of current conventional electrodes used in TENS enabled pain therapy products, such as kneecaps. The existing TENS devices were studied to carry out a comparative analysis of their features and shortcomings. Three sets of textile electrodes were developed using conductive yarn knitted structure, conductive yarn embroidered fabric, and coated conductive fabric. In addition, the smart kneecap was developed with the aim of providing an electrical stimulation to the knee using a TENS module. The TENS module was actuated using a switching circuit of MOSFET and textile electrodes for the smooth conduction of electric stimulation into the body. These electro stimulations have been proven to be helpful in relieving the pain in the knee, as well as in giving the knee, thigh, and leg a sense of relaxation. Testing was conducted and subjective feedback was collected for the developed prototype.