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Volume 7
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Retraction of Hydrogen 2025, 6(4), 102.
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Retraction

RETRACTED: Babay et al. Bio-Aerodynamic Flow Field Optimization in PEM Fuel Cells: A Peregrine Falcon-Inspired Flow Field Approach. Hydrogen 2025, 6, 102

by
Mohamed-Amine Babay
1,*,
Mustapha Adar
1,
Mohamed Essam El Messoussi
1,
Ahmed Chebak
2 and
Mustapha Mabrouki
1
1
Laboratory of Industrial and Surface Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
2
Green Tech Institute (GTI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Hydrogen 2026, 7(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7010027
Submission received: 22 January 2026 / Accepted: 12 February 2026 / Published: 14 February 2026
Versions Notes
The journal retracts the article titled, “Bio-Aerodynamic Flow Field Optimization in PEM Fuel Cells: A Peregrine Falcon-Inspired Flow Field Approach” [1], as cited above.
Following publication, concerns were brought to the publisher’s attention regarding an overlap between this publication [1] and an earlier preprint [2], produced by a different authorship group.
In accordance with the journal standard procedures, an investigation was conducted by the Editorial Office and Editorial Board, which confirmed an substantial overlap with the above-mentioned source, without appropriate acknowledgement or citation. As a consequence, the Editorial Board has decided to retract this article as per MDPI’s retraction policy.
This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Hydrogen.
The authors have been informed of this retraction and have indicated their agreement with this decision.

References

  1. Babay, M.-A.; Adar, M.; El Messoussi, M.E.; Chebak, A.; Mabrouki, M. RETRACTED: Bio-Aerodynamic Flow Field Optimization in PEM Fuel Cells: A Peregrine Falcon-Inspired Flow Field Approach. Hydrogen 2025, 6, 102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  2. Luo, J.; Lian, Y.; Zhu, Z.; Zhu, X.; Lin, L.; Liu, C.; Lin, F.; Cai, X.; Chu, X.; Zhou, W. Design of a Novel Bionic Peregrine Falcon Flow Field Structure For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Available online: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5354678 (accessed on 3 December 2025).
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Babay, M.-A.; Adar, M.; El Messoussi, M.E.; Chebak, A.; Mabrouki, M. RETRACTED: Babay et al. Bio-Aerodynamic Flow Field Optimization in PEM Fuel Cells: A Peregrine Falcon-Inspired Flow Field Approach. Hydrogen 2025, 6, 102. Hydrogen 2026, 7, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7010027

AMA Style

Babay M-A, Adar M, El Messoussi ME, Chebak A, Mabrouki M. RETRACTED: Babay et al. Bio-Aerodynamic Flow Field Optimization in PEM Fuel Cells: A Peregrine Falcon-Inspired Flow Field Approach. Hydrogen 2025, 6, 102. Hydrogen. 2026; 7(1):27. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7010027

Chicago/Turabian Style

Babay, Mohamed-Amine, Mustapha Adar, Mohamed Essam El Messoussi, Ahmed Chebak, and Mustapha Mabrouki. 2026. "RETRACTED: Babay et al. Bio-Aerodynamic Flow Field Optimization in PEM Fuel Cells: A Peregrine Falcon-Inspired Flow Field Approach. Hydrogen 2025, 6, 102" Hydrogen 7, no. 1: 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7010027

APA Style

Babay, M.-A., Adar, M., El Messoussi, M. E., Chebak, A., & Mabrouki, M. (2026). RETRACTED: Babay et al. Bio-Aerodynamic Flow Field Optimization in PEM Fuel Cells: A Peregrine Falcon-Inspired Flow Field Approach. Hydrogen 2025, 6, 102. Hydrogen, 7(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7010027

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