Natural Gas Pyrolysis in a Liquid Metal Bubble Column Reaction System—Part I: Experimental Setup and Methods
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Setup
2.1. Gas Supply
2.2. Reactor
2.3. Temperature Evaluation
2.4. Pressure Evaluation
2.5. Gas Composition Evaluation
2.5.1. System of Equations for PM Pyrolysis
- = hydrogen yield with regard to methane
- = ethane yield with regard to methane
- = ethene yield with regard to methane
- = mole fraction of component
2.5.2. System of Equations for MEM and nGH Pyrolysis
- = mole fraction of component () in the feed gas flow
- = overall conversion rate of ethane
- = hydrogen yield with regard to methane
- = ethene yield with regard to methane
- = molar fraction of component
- Accuracy of the calibration gases (manufacturer’s specification, VDI 3490-2);
- Maximum standard uncertainty of multiple determination of each calibrated gas (four-fold determinations for each calibration point);
- Standard uncertainty of each multiple determination of the product-gas during the experiments.
2.6. Conducted Experiments
3. Experimental Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
RT1/2/3 | Reactor type 1/2/3 |
PM | Pure methane |
MEM | Methane-ethane mixture |
nGH | High calorific natural gas |
SGV | Superficial gas velocity |
GC | Gas chromatograph |
MFC | Mass flow controller |
TCD | Thermal conductivity detector |
hthermo | Height of thermocouple |
hrh | Reactor height |
hSn | Tin filling height |
hpch | Prechamber height |
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Reactor Type (RT) | Reactor to Prechamber Ratio hrh/hpch | Single Orifice Diameter in mm | Reactor Volume in L | Publication Part |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | - | 0.5 ± 0.1 mm | 1.6 | - |
2 | 39 | 0.6 ± 0.1 mm | 6 | I and II |
3 | - | 0.6 ± 0.1 mm | 6 | II |
Reactor Type (RT) | Pyrolyzed Gases | SGVs in mm/s | Overall Inlet Pressure Range in 105 Pa (a) | Overall Outlet Pressure Range in 105 Pa (a) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | PM | 0.6 1.3 1.9 2.6 | 1.68–2.46 | 1.01–1.34 |
2 | PM MEM | 1.1 1.5 1.9 | 1.63–2.95 | 0.95–1.37 |
3 | nGH | 1.1 1.5 1.9 | 1.73–2.74 | 0.97–1.54 |
Component | Calibration Range in mol% | Correlation Coefficient |
---|---|---|
Methane (CH4) | 0.1–99.995 | >0.9999 |
Ethane (C2H6) | 0.1–10 | >0.9996 |
Ethene (C2H4) | 0.1–10 | >0.9996 |
Ethyne (C2H2) | 0.1–10 | >0.9998 |
Nitrogen (N2) | 20–99.9999 | >0.9999 |
Hydrogen (H2) | 0.1–99.9995 | >0.9995 |
Reactor Type (RT) | SGVs in mm/s | Temperatures in K | Feed |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.6 & 1.3 & 1.9 & 2.6 for all temperatures | 1209 ± 16 1264 ± 15 1315 ± 16 1360 ± 15 1441 ± 4 | PM PM PM PM PM |
2 | 1.1 & 1.5 & 1.9 for all temperatures | 1210 to 1220 ± 6 1264 to 1276 ± 13 1316 to 1325 ± 14 1347 to 1356 ± 11 1383 to 1388 ± 10 | PM PM PM PM PM |
1.1 & 1.5 & 1.9 1.1 & 1.5 & 1.9 1.5 & 1.9 | 1217 to 1220 ± 8 1264 to 1275 ± 9 1314 to 1328 ± 9 | MEM MEM MEM | |
3 | 1.1 & 1.5 & 1.9 for all temperatures | 1222 to 1226 ± 5 1326 to 1332 ± 7 1423 to 1430 ± 8 | nGH nGH nGH |
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Hofberger, C.M.; Dietrich, B.; Durán Vera, I.; Krumholz, R.; Stoppel, L.; Uhlenbruck, N.; Wetzel, T. Natural Gas Pyrolysis in a Liquid Metal Bubble Column Reaction System—Part I: Experimental Setup and Methods. Hydrogen 2023, 4, 295-306. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen4020021
Hofberger CM, Dietrich B, Durán Vera I, Krumholz R, Stoppel L, Uhlenbruck N, Wetzel T. Natural Gas Pyrolysis in a Liquid Metal Bubble Column Reaction System—Part I: Experimental Setup and Methods. Hydrogen. 2023; 4(2):295-306. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen4020021
Chicago/Turabian StyleHofberger, Christoph Michael, Benjamin Dietrich, Inés Durán Vera, Ralf Krumholz, Leonid Stoppel, Neele Uhlenbruck, and Thomas Wetzel. 2023. "Natural Gas Pyrolysis in a Liquid Metal Bubble Column Reaction System—Part I: Experimental Setup and Methods" Hydrogen 4, no. 2: 295-306. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen4020021