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Article

Advanced and Robust Numerical Framework for Transient Electrohydrodynamic Discharges in Gas Insulation Systems

Institute of High Voltage Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Friedrich-Wöhler-Weg 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Eng 2025, 6(8), 194; https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6080194
Submission received: 27 June 2025 / Revised: 26 July 2025 / Accepted: 29 July 2025 / Published: 6 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

Abstract

For the precise description of gas physical processes in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission, an advanced and robust numerical framework for the simulation of transient particle densities in the course of corona discharges is developed in this work. The aim is the scalable and consistent modeling of the space charge density under realistic conditions. The core component of the framework is a discontinuous Galerkin method that ensures the conservative properties of the underlying hyperbolic problem. The space charge density at the electrode surface is imposed as a dynamic boundary condition via Lagrange multipliers. To increase the numerical stability and convergence rate, a homotopy approach is also integrated. For the experimental validation, a measurement concept was realised that uses a subtraction method to specifically remove the displacement current component in the signal and thus enables an isolated recording of the transient ion current with superimposed voltage stresses. The experimental results on a small scale agree with the numerical predictions and prove the quality of the model. On this basis, the framework is transferred to hybrid HVDC overhead line systems with a bipolar design. In the event of a fault, significant transient space charge densities can be seen there, especially when superimposed with new types of voltage waveforms. The framework thus provides a reliable contribution to insulation coordination in complex HVDC systems and enables the realistic analysis of electrohydrodynamic coupling effects on an industrial scale.
Keywords: HVDC insulation coordination; space charge dynamics; lagrange-based boundary enforcement; transient overvoltage effects; discontinuous Galerkin method HVDC insulation coordination; space charge dynamics; lagrange-based boundary enforcement; transient overvoltage effects; discontinuous Galerkin method

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MDPI and ACS Style

Huber, P.; Hanusrichter, J.; Freden, P.; Jenau, F. Advanced and Robust Numerical Framework for Transient Electrohydrodynamic Discharges in Gas Insulation Systems. Eng 2025, 6, 194. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6080194

AMA Style

Huber P, Hanusrichter J, Freden P, Jenau F. Advanced and Robust Numerical Framework for Transient Electrohydrodynamic Discharges in Gas Insulation Systems. Eng. 2025; 6(8):194. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6080194

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huber, Philipp, Julian Hanusrichter, Paul Freden, and Frank Jenau. 2025. "Advanced and Robust Numerical Framework for Transient Electrohydrodynamic Discharges in Gas Insulation Systems" Eng 6, no. 8: 194. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6080194

APA Style

Huber, P., Hanusrichter, J., Freden, P., & Jenau, F. (2025). Advanced and Robust Numerical Framework for Transient Electrohydrodynamic Discharges in Gas Insulation Systems. Eng, 6(8), 194. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6080194

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