Monitoring Soil Degradation Processes for Ecological Compensation in the Izmir Institute of Technology Campus (Turkey)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The Study Site
2.2. Data Collection and Processing
3. Results
- New terraces created in the eastern side of the Faculty of Architecture;
- The construction site of the new dormitory;
- New soil remediation area and plantation of trees next to the Faculty of Science;
- Creation of the road banks along the main drive of the campus;
- The land erosion process along road near the Rectorate;
- New construction next to the Electronics and Electrical Engineering Department.
3.1. Area 1 New Terraces in Front of the Faculty of Architecture
3.2. Area 2–Coonstruction Site of the New Dormitory
3.3. Area 3–Soil Remediation Area and Plantation of Trees in front of the Faculty of Science
3.4. Area 4–Banks along the Main Road of Campus
3.5. Area 5–Erosion along the Rectorate Road
3.6. Area 6
3.7. Synthesis of Results
4. Discussion
- The sealing process recorded the maximum NDVI reduction. The maximum decrease in NDVI ranged between −32.9% and −29.4%; besides, the sealing is also characterized by the highest NDVI variance (NDVI absolute difference values range between −37 and −50);
- The compaction process has a medium impact. The max decrease in NDVI ranges between −24.3% and −26.6%, while the min decrease in NDVI ranges between −14.5% and −17.2%;
- The erosion process has the lowest impact. The max decrease in NDVI is −23.5%, and the min decrease in NDVI is equal to −12.5%.
4.1. Estimating the Ecological Compensation
4.2. De-Sealing and Greening the Campus
4.3. Limits and Potentials
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sentinel 2A Bands | Central Wavelength (nm) | Bandwidth (nm) |
---|---|---|
Band 2–Blue | 492.4 | 66 |
Band 3–Green | 559.8 | 36 |
Band 4–Red | 664.6 | 31 |
Band 8–NIR | 832.8 | 106 |
Area Number | Description | NDVI Change |
---|---|---|
Area 1 | New terraces created in front of the Faculty of Architecture | −52.08 (max variation −68, min variation −37) |
Area 2 | New construction site for the dormitory | −61.14 (max variation −84, min variation −34) |
Area 3 | New soil remediation and the plantation of trees in front of the Department of Biology | −52.73 (max variation −62, min variation −44) |
Area 4 | Creation of the road banks on the main road of campus | −52.42 (max variation −64, min variation −43) |
Area 5 | Erosion along the Rectorate Road | −50.81 (max variation −60, min variation −32) |
Area 6 | New constructions next to the Electronic and Electrical Engineer Department | −52.97 (max variation −75, min variation −38) |
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Salata, S.; Thompson Couch, V. Monitoring Soil Degradation Processes for Ecological Compensation in the Izmir Institute of Technology Campus (Turkey). Eng 2022, 3, 325-342. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng3030024
Salata S, Thompson Couch V. Monitoring Soil Degradation Processes for Ecological Compensation in the Izmir Institute of Technology Campus (Turkey). Eng. 2022; 3(3):325-342. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng3030024
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalata, Stefano, and Virginia Thompson Couch. 2022. "Monitoring Soil Degradation Processes for Ecological Compensation in the Izmir Institute of Technology Campus (Turkey)" Eng 3, no. 3: 325-342. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng3030024