Markedly Different Decomposition Temperature and Products of Biomass Pyrolysis at Low Temperature—Differentiation of Acids in Their Effects on Pretreatment †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.2. Biomass Composition Analysis
2.3. Biomass Acid Pretreatment
2.4. Characterization Methods
2.5. Pyrolysis
2.5.1. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
2.5.2. Pyrolysis in Fixed Bed Reactor
2.6. Experiment Repeatability
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Compositional and Morphology Changes of the Biomass Resulting from the Acid Pretreatments
3.2. TG-DTG Decomposition Profiles of Untreated and Acid-Pretreated Biomass
3.3. Pyrolysis Product Selectivity of Untreated and Acid-Pretreated Biomass
3.4. Analysis of Bio-Oils from Untreated and Acid-Pretreated Biomass
3.5. Analysis of Biochars from Untreated and Acid-Pretreated Biomass
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Entry | Samples | Ti | Tf | Tmax | (dW/dt)max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
°C | %/min | ||||
1 | Pine | 198 | 404 | 370 | 10.3 |
2 | Pine_H3PO2 | 200 | 335 | 310 | 20.4 |
3 | Pine_H3PO4 | 198 | 402 | 363 | 13.7 |
4 | Pine_HCl | 210 | 405 | 366 | 15.4 |
Entry | Samples | Solid Recovery/wt % | T a/°C | Liquid/wt % | Biochar/wt % | Syngas/wt % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Pine | 100 | 400 | 51.6 | 23.6 | 24.8 |
330 | 35.0 | 31.9 | 33.0 | |||
2 | Pine_H3PO2 | 91 | 400 | 44.9 | 30.4 | 24.6 |
330 | 33.0 | 38.6 | 24.1 | |||
3 | Pine_H3PO4 | 92 | 400 | 51.9 | 19.9 | 24.9 |
330 | 48.5 | 31.9 | 17.3 | |||
4 | Pine_HCl | 68 | 400 | 55.7 | 21.6 | 19.9 |
330 | 52.5 | 29.6 | 17.8 |
Samples | T a | Ultimate Analysis/wt % | Mineral Species and Contents/ppm | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
°C | N | C | H | S | O | K | Ca | Mg | Al | Fe | P | |
Pine _biochar | 330 | – | 64.8 | 4.9 | 0.13 | 30.1 | 730 | 1110 | 740 | 680 | 140 | 60 |
400 | – | 73.7 | 3.5 | 0.02 | 22.8 | 310 | 170 | 260 | 990 | 140 | 50 | |
Pine_H3PO2 _biochar | 330 | – | 67.8 | 4.2 | – | 28 | 100 | 200 | 210 | 360 | 240 | 2810 |
400 | – | 73.3 | 3.4 | – | 23.3 | 120 | 240 | 200 | 570 | 140 | 3920 | |
Pine_H3PO4 _biochar | 330 | 0.01 | 65 | 4.9 | – | 30.1 | 120 | 120 | 210 | 460 | 90 | 50 |
400 | 0.02 | 72.9 | 3.6 | – | 23.5 | 150 | 240 | 270 | 650 | 150 | 80 | |
Pine_HCl _biochar | 330 | – | 62 | 4.9 | 0.06 | 33 | 150 | 60 | 190 | 540 | 50 | 40 |
400 | – | 71.5 | 3.3 | – | 25.2 | 310 | 170 | 260 | 990 | 140 | 50 |
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Yan, P.; Liu, X.; Xu, Z.; Zhang, Z.C. Markedly Different Decomposition Temperature and Products of Biomass Pyrolysis at Low Temperature—Differentiation of Acids in Their Effects on Pretreatment. Sustain. Chem. 2021, 2, 8-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem2010002
Yan P, Liu X, Xu Z, Zhang ZC. Markedly Different Decomposition Temperature and Products of Biomass Pyrolysis at Low Temperature—Differentiation of Acids in Their Effects on Pretreatment. Sustainable Chemistry. 2021; 2(1):8-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem2010002
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan, Peifang, Xiumei Liu, Zhanwei Xu, and Zongchao Conrad Zhang. 2021. "Markedly Different Decomposition Temperature and Products of Biomass Pyrolysis at Low Temperature—Differentiation of Acids in Their Effects on Pretreatment" Sustainable Chemistry 2, no. 1: 8-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem2010002