Effects of Back Touching on Tidal Volume
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Effect of Touching on a Back
1.2. Relationship between Breathing and Stress
1.3. Tidal Volume
1.4. Purpose of the Research
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experiment Participants and Ethical Consideration
2.2. Physiological Index
2.3. Method of Touching and a Therapist
2.4. Procedure
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Limitations and Future Development
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable Name | n | Mean | Median | SD | Varinace | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control group-pre | 12 | 0.765 | 0.755 | 0.162 | 0.026 | 0.460 | 1.000 |
Control group-post | 12 | 0.763 | 0.730 | 0.153 | 0.023 | 0.510 | 1.000 |
Experiment group-pre | 17 | 0.674 | 0.650 | 0.123 | 0.015 | 0.500 | 1.000 |
Experiment group-post | 17 | 0.848 | 0.900 | 0.167 | 0.028 | 0.470 | 1.070 |
Control Group | Experiment Group | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Post-pre | Pre | Post | Post-pre | ||
1 | 0.96 | 0.72 | −0.24 | 1 | 0.69 | 0.93 | 0.24 |
2 | 0.85 | 1.00 | 0.15 | 2 | 0.75 | 0.99 | 0.24 |
3 | 0.78 | 0.95 | 0.17 | 3 | 0.62 | 1.01 | 0.39 |
4 | 0.70 | 0.71 | 0.01 | 4 | 0.60 | 0.90 | 0.30 |
5 | 1.00 | 0.64 | −0.36 | 5 | 0.68 | 0.67 | −0.01 |
6 | 0.71 | 0.61 | −0.10 | 6 | 0.52 | 0.84 | 0.32 |
7 | 0.46 | 0.91 | 0.45 | 7 | 0.61 | 0.85 | 0.24 |
8 | 0.65 | 0.90 | 0.25 | 8 | 1.00 | 0.94 | −0.06 |
9 | 0.59 | 0.64 | 0.05 | 9 | 0.77 | 1.07 | 0.30 |
10 | 0.75 | 0.51 | −0.24 | 10 | 0.65 | 0.60 | −0.05 |
11 | 0.97 | 0.82 | −0.15 | 11 | 0.65 | 0.73 | 0.08 |
12 | 0.76 | 0.74 | −0.02 | 12 | 0.50 | 0.76 | 0.26 |
Mean | 0.00 | 13 | 0.75 | 0.99 | 0.24 | ||
14 | 0.80 | 0.71 | −0.09 | ||||
15 | 0.65 | 0.95 | 0.30 | ||||
16 | 0.50 | 0.47 | −0.03 | ||||
17 | 0.71 | 1.01 | 0.30 | ||||
Mean | 0.17 |
Variable Name | Partial η2 | 95% CI | F Value | P Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Touching terms | 0.00 | 0.000, 0.048 | 0.00 | 0.948 |
Pre-Post | 0.17 | - | 5.57 | 0.026 * |
Interaction | 0.18 | - | 5.89 | 0.022 * |
Variable Name | Standard Error | Effect Size d | 95% CI | t Value | P Vaule |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Experiment group (pre)-control group (pre) | 0.057 | 1.161 | 0.129, 2.194 | 1.604 | 0.114 |
Experiment group (post)-control group (post) | 0.057 | −0.794 | −1.542, −0.045 | 1.504 | 0.138 |
Experiment group (pre)- Experiment group (post) | 0.047 | −1.115 | −1.820, −0.411 | 3.721 | 0.001 ** |
control group (pre)-control group (post) | 0.056 | 0.022 | −1.045, 1.089 | 0.045 | 0.965 |
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Hitomi, T.; Yachi, C.T.; Yamaguchi, H. Effects of Back Touching on Tidal Volume. Psych 2019, 1, 412-419. https://doi.org/10.3390/psych1010031
Hitomi T, Yachi CT, Yamaguchi H. Effects of Back Touching on Tidal Volume. Psych. 2019; 1(1):412-419. https://doi.org/10.3390/psych1010031
Chicago/Turabian StyleHitomi, Taichi, Chigusa Theresa Yachi, and Hajime Yamaguchi. 2019. "Effects of Back Touching on Tidal Volume" Psych 1, no. 1: 412-419. https://doi.org/10.3390/psych1010031