Hydrothermal Synthesis of Vanadium Oxide Microstructures with Mixed Oxidation States
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Vanadium Oxide ((CnH(2n+1)NH3)2V7O16 Nanotubes (VOx-NTs)
4.2. Vanadium Oxide ((CnH(2n+1)NH3)2V7O16 Nanourchins (VOx-NU)
4.3. Vanadium Oxide (NH4)2V7O16 Micro-Squares (VOx-MSQ) and VO2 Micro-Crosses (VOx-MC)
4.4. Vanadium Oxide V6O11 Rotationally Symetric Nano Six-folds (VOx-NC) and Nano Star Fruits (VOx-NSF)
5. Mixed Oxidation States Rate Control
6. Morphologic Defects
7. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vanadium Oxide Morphology | V5+ Precursor | Surfactant | Lattice |
---|---|---|---|
Nanotubes | VO(OCH(CH3)2)3 [58,59] | CnH(2n+1)NH2 | V7O162− |
V2O5 and V2O5•1,5 H2O [60,61] | CnH(2n)(NH2)2 | V7O162− | |
VOCl3 [15] NH4VO3 [16] | 3 < n < 20 | V7O162− | |
Urchins | VO(OCH(CH3)2)3 [62] | 1-hexadecylamine | V7O162− |
V2O5 [63] | 1-dodecylamine | V7O162− | |
Squares Crosses | NH4VO3 [64,65] | 1-hexadecylamine | V7O162− |
NH4VO3 [64] | 1-hexadecylamine | VO2 | |
Six-fold cogs Star fruits | V2O5•1,5 H2O [66] | 1-dodecanethiol | V6O11 |
NH4VO3 [67] | 123 Pluronic | V7O162− |
Lattice | V4+ % | Morphology |
---|---|---|
V7O162− | 46 to 75% | VOx-NTs, NU and MSQ |
VO2 V6O11 | 100% 66.7% | VOx-MC and VOx-NSF VOx-NC |
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Navas, D. Hydrothermal Synthesis of Vanadium Oxide Microstructures with Mixed Oxidation States. Reactions 2023, 4, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions4010001
Navas D. Hydrothermal Synthesis of Vanadium Oxide Microstructures with Mixed Oxidation States. Reactions. 2023; 4(1):1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions4010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleNavas, Daniel. 2023. "Hydrothermal Synthesis of Vanadium Oxide Microstructures with Mixed Oxidation States" Reactions 4, no. 1: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions4010001