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Article

Generation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein

by
Xinyue Zhou
1,2,†,
Mengjia Zhang
1,2,†,
Hanyu Zhang
1,2,
Hailong Ma
1,2,
Jiaru Zhou
1,2,
Hua Cao
1,2,
Guanghao Guo
1,2,
Ningning Ma
1,2,
Qigai He
1,2,
Yongle Yang
3,
Yifei Lang
4,
Yaowei Huang
5 and
Wentao Li
1,2,6,*
1
National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
2
Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
3
Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China
4
College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
5
Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
6
Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(23), 17102; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242317102
Submission received: 15 October 2023 / Revised: 1 December 2023 / Accepted: 1 December 2023 / Published: 4 December 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Microbiology)
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Abstract

Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), a member of the family Coronaviridae and the genus Alphacoronavirus, primarily affects piglets under 7 days old, causing symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. It has the potential to infect human primary and passaged cells in vitro, indicating a potential risk of zoonotic transmission. In this study, we successfully generated and purified six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specifically targeting the spike protein of SADS-CoV, whose epitope were demonstrated specificity to the S1A or S1B region by immunofluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Three of these mAbs were capable of neutralizing SADS-CoV infection on HeLa-R19 and A549. Furthermore, we observed that SADS-CoV induced the agglutination of erythrocytes from both humans and rats, and the hemagglutination inhibition capacity and antigen–antibody binding capacity of the antibodies were assessed. Our study reveals that mAbs specifically targeting the S1A domain demonstrated notable efficacy in suppressing the hemagglutination phenomenon induced by SADS-CoV. This finding represents the first instance of narrowing down the protein region responsible for SADS-CoV-mediated hemagglutination to the S1A domain, and reveals that the cell attachment domains S1A and S1B are the main targets of neutralizing antibodies.
Keywords: monoclonal antibodies; neutralizing antibodies; swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus; hemagglutination inhibition monoclonal antibodies; neutralizing antibodies; swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus; hemagglutination inhibition

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zhou, X.; Zhang, M.; Zhang, H.; Ma, H.; Zhou, J.; Cao, H.; Guo, G.; Ma, N.; He, Q.; Yang, Y.; et al. Generation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 17102. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242317102

AMA Style

Zhou X, Zhang M, Zhang H, Ma H, Zhou J, Cao H, Guo G, Ma N, He Q, Yang Y, et al. Generation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(23):17102. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242317102

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhou, Xinyue, Mengjia Zhang, Hanyu Zhang, Hailong Ma, Jiaru Zhou, Hua Cao, Guanghao Guo, Ningning Ma, Qigai He, Yongle Yang, and et al. 2023. "Generation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 23: 17102. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242317102

APA Style

Zhou, X., Zhang, M., Zhang, H., Ma, H., Zhou, J., Cao, H., Guo, G., Ma, N., He, Q., Yang, Y., Lang, Y., Huang, Y., & Li, W. (2023). Generation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(23), 17102. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242317102

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