Contextual Sensitivity Analysis for Urban Industrial Heritage Quarter Regeneration: Shanghai as a Pilot Case Study
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Urban Industrial Heritage Quarter (UIHQ)
2.1. Definition of Industrial Heritage
2.2. Value of Industrial Heritage
2.3. Characteristics of Urban Industrial Heritage Quarters
2.4. Adaptive Reuse of Urban Industrial Heritage Quarter
3. Methodology
3.1. Contextual Sensitivity Analysis (CSA)
- Step 1: Define the research question and context indicators. Ensuring the research question leads to the analysis target of the study and emphasizing the requirements of indicator selection.
- Step 2: Data collection and preparation. Develop an appropriate methodology for both the primary data and contextual variables. Then, structure the data into a suitable dataset for analysis.
- Step 3: Data analysis. Selecting effective mathematical models such as correlation coefficients and optimization algorithms for analysing the relationship between targets, contextual variables, and their interactions. Interpret the results within the context, explaining how the relationship indicates and what the potential is of utilizing the result.
3.2. CSA for Urban Industrial Heritage Quarters
- Step 1: Establishing the target layer for urban industrial heritage quarters. The target layer defines the aim of the CSA, indicating that the results should support achieving this aim through contextual variations. In this study, the target is the value variation in the UIHQ after regeneration. The value system summarized in Table 1 serves as the scoring framework.
- Step 2: Designing the Contextual Sensitivity Analysis (CSA) in studying urban industrial heritage quarter regeneration. CSA is an analytical approach adapted from existing research and practice that addresses contextual and sustainable urban issues. The concept of contextual sensitivity discussed in this study serves as a practical principle, highlighting the importance of addressing contextual impacts during the regeneration process. The analytical logic involves establishing relationships between context details and heritage values through variable indicators and generating the impact trend based on actual samples. The results are about specific contexts and project types, offering a reference for planning similar projects.
- Step 3: Identifying and quantifying context indicators for the urban industrial heritage quarter. As the urban environment is a complex system, context is typically vast and multifaceted. In urban studies, context indicators should be selected according to the research target and subject. For industrial heritage quarters, the indicator system forms the foundation of the assessment process, reflecting the uniqueness and specific considerations of this topic. To ensure feasibility and data accessibility, this analysis is narrowed to a small set of indicators that are physically altered through adaptive reuse strategies.
- Step 4: Case city and sample selection for data collection. To produce meaningful results and formulate convincing perspectives on contextual impacts, careful selection of cases and samples is essential for ensuring the validity and reliability. Two key principles guide this selection: representativeness and comprehensiveness. Representativeness ensures that the chosen cases or samples accurately reflect broader characteristics or clearly illustrate the target phenomenon [61]. Comprehensiveness minimizes selection bias and enhances the validity of the results. This study uses Shanghai as a pilot case to test the methodology and selects qualified UIHQ samples from officially designated industrial heritage lists for data collection.
- Step 5: Quantitative analysis and result interpretation. The quantitative analysis will apply logistic regression model and correlation analysis. The regression model will generate impact trend diagrams illustrating the relationships between indicators and targets. An integrated diagram will compare the effectiveness of various indicators on specific targets. However, if too many indicators are included, the diagram may become difficult to interpret. To improve visualization, the study will focus on a selected set of indicators as examples, chosen based on higher correlation coefficients, which reflect stronger relationships.
3.3. Data Collection Methods
3.3.1. Value Variation Data
3.3.2. Context Indicator Data
- In1. Heritage landscape
- In2. Heritage architecture
- In3. Heritage structure
- In4. Heritage machinery
- In5. Variation in green ratio
- In6. Variation in the rate of open spaces area
- In7. Variation in the rate of active water frontage
3.4. Data Analysis Techniques
4. CSA for Shanghai—A Pilot Case Study
4.1. Urban Industrial Heritage Quarters in Shanghai
4.2. Data Collection
4.2.1. Value Data Collection
4.2.2. Indicator Data Collection
- In1. Heritage landscape: Shanghai Yangshupu Power Plant Heritage Park has a coal drop yard and dock, which have been kept and reused as playgrounds, pedestrian zones, and waterfronts. According to the map, the total ground floor area of the site is 35,445 m2, the landscape area preserved is 15,698 m2. Therefore, the landscape preservation rate is 44.3% (Figure 8).
- In2. Heritage architecture: Puxi Riverside Expo Park Area is a heritage quarter that mainly consists of industrial landscape. Although the proportion of heritage architecture is relatively low compared with other sites, all traditional buildings are preserved on site but not reused. Although they remain closed to the public, front squares and introduction boards visually highlight the architecture, reminding people of its history (Figure 9).
- In3. Heritage structure: Cloud Grain Silo Cultural and Creative Industrial Park consists of a group silo and a series of warehouses. The original group silo has been fully preserved as the landmark exhibition centre’s outer structure with attractive wall painting (Figure 10).
- In4. Heritage machinery: Shanghai Yangshupu Power Plant Heritage Park has preserved three riverside giant cranes and 11 power equipment on site as part of the regenerated industrial landscape (Figure 11).
- In5. Variation in green ratio: According to the historical map, the Shanghai Yangshupu Power Plant Heritage Park had no green area. After regeneration, this quarter added a large area of greenery between buildings and along the riverside. The current green space area is 11,944 m2. The total project area of the current site is 35,445 m2 (Figure 12).
- In6. Variation in the rate of open space area: The original space of Shanghai Yangshupu Power Plant Heritage Park was purely for industrial and circulation purposes, which in this indicator can be regarded as no public space before regeneration. Now, it is facilitated with sufficient open spaces, with an area of 18,056 m2 (Figure 13).
- In7. Variation in the rate of active water frontage: The waterfront of the Shanghai Yangshupu Power Plant had ship docks that were inaccessible to public users. After regeneration, the site is actively interactive with the riverside through waterfront platforms, where people can walk and sit to enjoy the view of the east bank. The total perimeter of the site boundary is 1180m, with around 52.4% of the riverside being active frontage (Figure 14).
4.3. Data Analysis
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
UIHQs | Urban Industrial Heritage Quarters |
CSA | Contextual Sensitivity Analysis |
In | Indicator |
V | Value |
1 | An urban industrial heritage quarter will be referred to as a UIHQ for short in this paper. |
2 | National Industrial Heritage Lists are announced by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China, which has published five batches since 2017. |
3 | China Industrial Heritage Protection Lists are sponsored by the Publicity Department of the China Association for Science and Technology, which has announced three batches since 2018. |
4 | Shanghai Industrial Heritage Lists have two batches that were announced by the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy and Informatization in 2023 and 2024, which are extensions of the national lists, specifically focusing on the local characteristics and history. |
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Values | Description |
---|---|
V1—Historical Value | The importance and usefulness of the record relating to industrial activities that are retained for the purpose of history, including both visible and invisible pieces of evidence [35]. |
V2—Scientific and Technological Value | The innovation and advancement of machinery, production processes, and skills in science and technology as well as the continuous influence on the development of the industry [21]. |
V3—Socio-cultural Value | The contribution to forming place identification, connecting the lifestyle of present generations with the industrial past, and providing intangible evidence for social development [36]. |
V4—Aesthetic Value | The beauty of industrial architecture is appreciated as a perfect combination of function and form [37], while also existing in other derivative art forms and genres such as artworks, literature, movies and films, etc., reflecting both the rational order of industrial progress, the chaotic beauty of urban decay, and the beauty of dilapidation [38,39]. |
V5—Economic Value | The benefit generated in the process of heritage-related activities, including research, conservation, regeneration, utilization, etc. [40]. One special economic factor that industrial heritage should consider is the productivity of the original function if its original industry is still functioning. |
V6—Natural Value | Industrial heritage that uses natural resources for transportation and energy may bring ecological system to the city with water features and greenery. The regeneration of industrial sites is also beneficial for reactivating environmental resilience and improving biodiversity [41]. |
Value Category | Sample 1 Score: −100 to 100 (Integer) | … | Sample n Score: −100 to 100 (Integer) |
---|---|---|---|
Value 1 | |||
Value 2 | |||
Value 3 | |||
… |
Experts’ Category | Affiliations | Pre-Survey | Return | Scoring Table | Return |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Researchers | Tongji University: The College of Architecture and Urban Planning Department of Project Management | 70 | 64 | 52 | 49 |
Shanghai University: Fine Arts College Real Estate College | 40 | 38 | 31 | 27 | |
Architects/urban planners | China State Construction Engineering Shanghai | 60 | 52 | 44 | 38 |
Shanghai Academy of Urban Planning and Design | 40 | 34 | 23 | 20 | |
Architects and urban planners from design studio | 20 | 17 | 10 | 10 | |
Developers | Poly Real Estate | 30 | 23 | 11 | 9 |
Vanke Real Estate | 40 | 31 | 22 | 20 | |
Consulting/investors | JLL | 10 | 6 | 3 | 3 |
Shanghai Industrial Urban Development Group Limited | 10 | 4 | 3 | 3 | |
Government/ organization officers | Shanghai Planning & Nat Resources Bureau | 10 | 8 | 8 | 7 |
Shanghai Tourism Administration | 10 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
Shanghai Industrial Tourism Promotion Centre | 10 | 6 | 5 | 5 | |
Total number | 350 | 288 | 217 | 196 |
No. | Shanghai Industrial Heritage Quarters | Regeneration Project |
---|---|---|
1 | Dongjiadu Shipyard | Ferry Waterfront |
2 | Shanghai Shipyard—Pudong | Shipyard 1862 |
3 | Jiangnan Machine Manufacturing Bureau (Qiuxin Machine Shipyard) | Puxi Riverside Expo Park Area |
4 | Fufeng Flour Mill Xinhe Spinning Mill | M50 Creative Park |
5 | Shanghai Nanpu Railway Station | Station 1907 |
6 | Shanghai Municipal Council Electricity Department, Yangshupu Power Plant | Yangshupu Power Plant Heritage Park |
7 | Great China Spinning Mill and Huafeng Spinning Mill | Peninsula 1919 Cultural and Creative Industrial Park |
8 | Shanghai Burlap Factory | Jingyuan Fashion Industry Park The X Tower |
9 | Shanghai No. 17 Cotton Textile Factory | International Fashion Centre |
10 | Shanghai Beipiao Coal Wharf | Xuhui West Bund Waterfront |
11 | Shanghai Municipal Council Slaughterhouse | 1933 Old Millfun |
12 | Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Plant (5703) | West Bund Artistic Centre Oil Tank Art Centre |
13 | Nanmen Grain Depot | Cloud Grain Silo Cultural and Creative Industrial Park |
14 | Shanghai Metallurgical Mining Machinery Plant | Jing’an New Business Park |
Number and Name of the Samples | V1 Historical | V2 Scientific and Historical | V3 Socio-Cultural | V4 Aesthetical | V5 Economic | V6 Natural | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ferry Waterfront | 27.3 | 8.2 | 31.2 | 27.8 | 15.2 | 42.4 |
2 | Shipyard 1862 | 69.1 | 32.3 | 67.1 | 40.9 | 72.9 | 17.8 |
3 | Puxi Expo | 54.9 | 62.7 | 45.8 | 49.3 | 26.3 | 12.9 |
4 | M50 Creative Park | 63.4 | 12.6 | 82.8 | 29.1 | 63.1 | 3.1 |
5 | Station 1907 | 57.1 | 5.1 | 55.7 | 67.5 | 67.2 | 8.4 |
6 | Yangshupu Power Plant | 75.7 | 66.4 | 63.3 | 81.5 | 25.7 | 84.3 |
7 | Peninsula 1919 | 49.8 | 21.2 | 33.1 | 36.4 | 40.5 | 10.2 |
8 | Jingyuan & The X | 6.2 | 3.7 | 27.2 | 15.1 | 51.1 | −2.9 |
9 | International Fashion Center | 37.8 | 27.1 | 24.4 | 25.8 | 76.4 | 37.1 |
10 | Xuhui Waterfront | 19.2 | 22.3 | 31.2 | 73.2 | 18.3 | 33.8 |
11 | 1933 Old Millfun | 26.3 | 3.3 | 38.7 | 46.2 | 13.7 | −1.1 |
12 | West Bund & Oil Tank | 14.3 | 10.6 | 21.2 | 27.4 | 24.1 | 3.1 |
13 | Cloud Grain Silo | 52.7 | 23.4 | 41.1 | 61.9 | 57.2 | 21.4 |
14 | Jing’an New Business | 44.1 | 19.1 | 43.4 | 34.3 | 39.2 | 18.8 |
No. | Sample | In1 | In2 | In3 | In4 | In5 | In6 | In7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ferry Waterfront | 0.121859 | 0 | 0.13 | 0 | 0.300853 | 0.259697 | 0.305806 |
2 | Shipyard 1862 | 0.212359 | 0.85 | 0 | 1 | 0.269487 | 0.192282 | 0.387892 |
3 | Puxi Riverside | 0.17975 | 1 | 0.85 | 0 | 0.020418 | 0.342501 | 0.276923 |
4 | M50 Creative Park | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.096492 | 0.01918 | 0.218459 |
5 | Station 1907 | 0.076982 | 1 | 0.63 | 1 | −0.09631 | 0.046754 | 0 |
6 | Yangshupu Power | 0.442883 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 14 | 0.336973 | 0.509409 | 0.523729 |
7 | Peninsula 1919 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0.011429 | 0.005043 | 0 |
8 | Jingyuan Fashion | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.026295 | 0.021633 | 0.045093 |
9 | International Fash | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.010359 | 0.106496 | 0.215 |
10 | Xuhui West Bund | 0.01498 | 0 | 0.83 | 4 | 0.319968 | 0.202119 | 0.450658 |
11 | 1933 Old Millfun | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
12 | West Bund Artistic | 0.079401 | 0 | 0.71 | 0 | 0.053507 | 0.023733 | 0.152889 |
13 | Cloud Grain Silo | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | −0.02696 | 0.044604 | 0 |
14 | Jing’an New | 0 | 1 | 0.25 | 0 | 0.033472 | 0.025672 | 0 |
Value | In1 | In2 | In3 | In4 | In5 | In6 | In7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V1 | 0.54239 | 0.29941 | 0.27725 | 0.40759 | 0.10635 | 0.40005 | 0.25758 |
V2 | 0.74328 | −0.08021 | 0.20842 | 0.61181 | 0.34534 | 0.81695 | 0.60784 |
V3 | 0.3966 | 0.26145 | 0.20588 | 0.27627 | 0.18433 | 0.22743 | 0.2658 |
V4 | 0.48312 | −0.22627 | 0.3739 | 0.66443 | 0.26985 | 0.51251 | 0.36045 |
V5 | −0.1823 | 0.60744 | −0.07331 | −0.24795 | −0.34981 | −0.31995 | −0.20005 |
V6 | 0.69941 | −0.50987 | −0.07469 | 0.80438 | 0.67343 | 0.80862 | 0.69893 |
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Li, S.; Heath, T. Contextual Sensitivity Analysis for Urban Industrial Heritage Quarter Regeneration: Shanghai as a Pilot Case Study. Heritage 2025, 8, 190. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8060190
Li S, Heath T. Contextual Sensitivity Analysis for Urban Industrial Heritage Quarter Regeneration: Shanghai as a Pilot Case Study. Heritage. 2025; 8(6):190. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8060190
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Simiao, and Tim Heath. 2025. "Contextual Sensitivity Analysis for Urban Industrial Heritage Quarter Regeneration: Shanghai as a Pilot Case Study" Heritage 8, no. 6: 190. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8060190
APA StyleLi, S., & Heath, T. (2025). Contextual Sensitivity Analysis for Urban Industrial Heritage Quarter Regeneration: Shanghai as a Pilot Case Study. Heritage, 8(6), 190. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8060190