The Protection of Building Materials of Historical Monuments with Nanoparticle Suspensions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. CaCO3 Particles/Suspensions
3.2. Suspensions of Amorphous SiO2 Particles
3.3. Deposition of Nanoparticles in Pentelic Marble and Dissolution of Specimens (without and with Treatment with Suspensions)
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter/Preparation | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Concentration of DMC (M) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
Concentration of CaCl2·2H2O (M) | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.01 |
Concentration of ΝaOH (M) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
Concentration of CTAB (ppm) | - | 1 | 10 | 100 | - |
Material | BET Specific Surface Area (m2/g) | Pore Volume (cm3/g) | % w/w CaCO3/SiO2 in Material |
---|---|---|---|
Powdered Pentelic marble | 8.4 | 0.029 | |
CaCO3 (ACC) | 4.7 | 0.006 | |
CCA method of CaCO3 deposition | 7.8 | 0.012 | 2.9 |
CCB method of CaCO3 deposition | 7.9 | 0.015 | 2.8 |
AmSiO2 | 32.5 | 0.103 | |
AmSiA method of SiO2 deposition | 23.7 | 0.110 | 13.9 |
AmSiB method of SiO2 deposition | 22.0 | 0.065 | 13.7 |
Material | Relative Undersaturation, σ | Dissolution Rate of CaCO3 /×10−8 mol·m−2·s−1 |
---|---|---|
Powdered PM | 0.89 | 1.4 |
CaCO3 (ACC) | 3.4 | |
CCA | 1.3 | |
CCB | 2.0 | |
AmSiO2 | N/A | |
AmSiA | 0.3 | |
AmSiB | 0.4 |
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Pavlakou, E.I.; Agrafiotis, A.G.; Tsolaki, T.G.; Lemonia, C.; Zouvani, E.; Paraskeva, C.A.; Koutsoukos, P.G. The Protection of Building Materials of Historical Monuments with Nanoparticle Suspensions. Heritage 2021, 4, 3970-3986. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040218
Pavlakou EI, Agrafiotis AG, Tsolaki TG, Lemonia C, Zouvani E, Paraskeva CA, Koutsoukos PG. The Protection of Building Materials of Historical Monuments with Nanoparticle Suspensions. Heritage. 2021; 4(4):3970-3986. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040218
Chicago/Turabian StylePavlakou, Efstathia I., Anastasios G. Agrafiotis, Theokleiti G. Tsolaki, Christine Lemonia, Emily Zouvani, Christakis A. Paraskeva, and Petros G. Koutsoukos. 2021. "The Protection of Building Materials of Historical Monuments with Nanoparticle Suspensions" Heritage 4, no. 4: 3970-3986. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040218