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Volume 6
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Article

Manganese Uptake to Wheat Shoot Meristems Is Differentially Influenced by Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungal Communities Adapted to Acidic Soil

by
Jorge M. S. Faria
1,2,*,
Dora Martins Teixeira
3,4,
Diana Ferreira
4,
Pedro Barrulas
3,
Isabel Brito
2,4,
Ana Paula Pinto
2,4 and
Mário Carvalho
2,4
1
INIAV, I.P., National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Lisbon, Portugal
2
MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Évora University, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
3
HERCULES Laboratory, Évora University, Largo Marquês de Marialva 8, 7000-809 Évora, Portugal
4
Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Science and Technology School of Évora University, Rua Romão Ramalho n°59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Soil Syst. 2022, 6(2), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6020050
Submission received: 15 April 2022 / Revised: 18 May 2022 / Accepted: 24 May 2022 / Published: 26 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Soil and Sustainable Agriculture)
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Abstract

Soil acidity is a strong promoter of the bioavailability of Al, Fe, and Mn, whose concentrations can sometimes reach toxic levels for plants. In agricultural soils, the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has shown a protective influence on wheat growth under Mn toxicity. The intact extraradical mycelium (ERM) promotes faster AMF colonization, leading to a higher wheat shoot weight, lower Mn uptake, and changes in antioxidant enzyme activity. Its effect on the uptake and distribution of plant nutrients according to the developmental stage of shoot organs has seldomly been analyzed. In the present study, Mn, Mg, Ca, and K were quantified by ICP–MS in leaves and apical meristems of wheat grown in soil with two different ERM consortia, developed from the native plants Lolium rigidum (LOL) and Ornithopus compressus (ORN). The ORN treatment induced the highest wheat shoot weights and the lowest Mn levels. In the leaves, no significant differences were detected for Mg, Ca, or K, but in the apical meristems, the ORN treatment slightly lowered the Ca concentration. The AMF associated with ORN was seen to enhance wheat weight partly by protecting the zones of active growth against high Mn levels in Mn toxic soils. The use of ORN in acidic soils with Mn toxicity provides a sustainable alternative and an efficient complement to current farming practices to lower the negative impacts of farming on the environment.
Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; intact extraradical mycelium; Mn toxicity; soil acidity; sustainable agriculture arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; intact extraradical mycelium; Mn toxicity; soil acidity; sustainable agriculture

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MDPI and ACS Style

Faria, J.M.S.; Teixeira, D.M.; Ferreira, D.; Barrulas, P.; Brito, I.; Pinto, A.P.; Carvalho, M. Manganese Uptake to Wheat Shoot Meristems Is Differentially Influenced by Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungal Communities Adapted to Acidic Soil. Soil Syst. 2022, 6, 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6020050

AMA Style

Faria JMS, Teixeira DM, Ferreira D, Barrulas P, Brito I, Pinto AP, Carvalho M. Manganese Uptake to Wheat Shoot Meristems Is Differentially Influenced by Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungal Communities Adapted to Acidic Soil. Soil Systems. 2022; 6(2):50. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6020050

Chicago/Turabian Style

Faria, Jorge M. S., Dora Martins Teixeira, Diana Ferreira, Pedro Barrulas, Isabel Brito, Ana Paula Pinto, and Mário Carvalho. 2022. "Manganese Uptake to Wheat Shoot Meristems Is Differentially Influenced by Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungal Communities Adapted to Acidic Soil" Soil Systems 6, no. 2: 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6020050

APA Style

Faria, J. M. S., Teixeira, D. M., Ferreira, D., Barrulas, P., Brito, I., Pinto, A. P., & Carvalho, M. (2022). Manganese Uptake to Wheat Shoot Meristems Is Differentially Influenced by Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungal Communities Adapted to Acidic Soil. Soil Systems, 6(2), 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6020050

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