From Understanding to Sustainable Use of Peatlands: The WETSCAPES Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The WETSCAPES Approach
- Primary production: How does the water level influence the production of above- and below-ground herbaceous and tree biomass? (plant ecology, ecosystem dynamics, soil physics, soil science, paleoecology)
- Matter transformation and transport: How are nutrients and water transported through the peat body? (soil physics, soil science, microbiology)
- Gas exchange: Which (microbial) processes lead to production and uptake of GHG and what are the driving factors? (microbiology, landscape ecology and grassland sciences for measuring GHG fluxes, soil science)
- Peat formation: How does the interplay of production and decomposition of above- and below-ground herbaceous and tree biomass drive peat growth? (plant ecology, ecosystem dynamics, paleoecology, soil physics, soil science, microbiology)
- Integration, ecosystem services: Can we develop indicators for ecosystem services of rewetted, agriculturally used peatlands? (input from all of the above, landscape ecology, paleoecology, geoinformatics, remote sensing)
Interacting Research Areas in the WETSCAPES Approach
3. The WETSCAPES Research Infrastructure and Methods
3.1. Study Sites
3.1.1. Alder Forest
3.1.2. Percolation Fen
3.1.3. Coastal Fen
3.2. Sampling Design and Field Setup
3.3. Methodological Approaches
3.4. Interdisciplinary Data Analysis
4. First Integrative Results
5. Discussion and Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pristine | Drained | Rewetted | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Agricultural use | Nature conservation | Paludiculture | ||
Water level | High | Low | High | High |
Water level fluctuation | Low | Low | High | Medium |
Biomass yield | None | High | None | Potentially high |
Peat thickness | Increasing | Decreasing | Increasing | Stable? |
Nutrient retention | High | Turns to source | Medium | Medium |
CO2 emissions | Low or net sink | High | Low to medium | Low or net sink |
CH4 emissions | Low | Low | High to low | High to low |
N2O emissions | Low or net sink | Low to medium | Low? | Low? |
Site ID | AD | AW | PD | PW | CD | CW |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Decomposition after von Post [78] | H10 | H10 | H6–10 | H6–10 | H10 | H10 |
Peat depth (cm) | 60 | 200 | 500 | 600 | 70 | 30 |
pH | 4.4 ± 0.6 | 5.1 ± 0.2 | 5.3 ± 0 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.6 | 4.4 ± 0.5 |
Dry bulk density (g cm−3) | 0.55 ± 0 | 0.16 ± 0 | 0.28 ± 0 | 0.19 ± 0 | 0.63 ± 0 | 0.57 ± 0 |
NH4+-N (mg kg−1) | 23 ± 21 | 89 ± 70 | 40 ± 5 | 45 ± 18 | 11.1 ± 3.5 | 19.6 ± 7.2 |
NO3−-N (mg kg−1)* | 11 ± 4 | 13 ± 11 | 10 ± 8 | 6 ± 5 | – | – |
Total P (mg kg−1) | 632 ± 261 | 2072 ± 201 | 1102 ± 373 | 1059 ± 131 | 655 ± 100 | 757 ± 89 |
Total K (mg kg−1) | 574 ± 15 | 487 ± 224 | 241 ± 137 | 511 ± 91 | 3014 ± 24 | 2285 ± 333 |
Total Mg (mg kg−1) | 731 ± 140 | 1058 ± 40 | 790 ± 67 | 2031 ± 879 | 3162 ± 526 | 2531 ± 259 |
Year | AD | AW | PD | PW | C | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature anomaly [°C] | 2017 | +0.73 | +0.72 | +0.76 | +0.79 | +0.70 |
2018 | +1.34 | +1.36 | +1.31 | +1.33 | +1.25 | |
2019 | +1.58 | +1.59 | +1.63 | +1.64 | +1.72 | |
Precipitation anomaly [mm] | 2017 | +197 | +202 | +187 | +170 | +119 |
2018 | −149 | −153 | −126 | −116 | −155 | |
2019 | +4 | −4 | +5 | −3 | −44 |
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Jurasinski, G.; Ahmad, S.; Anadon-Rosell, A.; Berendt, J.; Beyer, F.; Bill, R.; Blume-Werry, G.; Couwenberg, J.; Günther, A.; Joosten, H.; et al. From Understanding to Sustainable Use of Peatlands: The WETSCAPES Approach. Soil Syst. 2020, 4, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4010014
Jurasinski G, Ahmad S, Anadon-Rosell A, Berendt J, Beyer F, Bill R, Blume-Werry G, Couwenberg J, Günther A, Joosten H, et al. From Understanding to Sustainable Use of Peatlands: The WETSCAPES Approach. Soil Systems. 2020; 4(1):14. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4010014
Chicago/Turabian StyleJurasinski, Gerald, Sate Ahmad, Alba Anadon-Rosell, Jacqueline Berendt, Florian Beyer, Ralf Bill, Gesche Blume-Werry, John Couwenberg, Anke Günther, Hans Joosten, and et al. 2020. "From Understanding to Sustainable Use of Peatlands: The WETSCAPES Approach" Soil Systems 4, no. 1: 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4010014