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J. Compos. Sci.
Volume 4
Issue 2
10.3390/jcs4020082
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Article

TiO2@lipophilic Porphyrin Composites: New Insights into Tuning the Photoreduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in Aqueous Phase

by
Antonio Pennetta
1,2,
Sabrina Di Masi
3,*,
Federica Piras
1,
Xiangfei Lü
4,
Jun Li
5,
Giuseppe Edigio De Benedetto
2 and
Giuseppe Mele
1
1
Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
2
Department of Cultural Heritages, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
3
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
4
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang’An University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an 710054, China
5
College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Ave., Guodu, Chang’an District, Xi’an 710127, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Compos. Sci. 2020, 4(2), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs4020082
Submission received: 4 June 2020 / Revised: 16 June 2020 / Accepted: 23 June 2020 / Published: 26 June 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bimetallic Composites for Oxidation and Reduction Catalysis)
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Abstract

Metal-free and Cu(II)-lipophilic porphyrins [H2Pp and Cu(II)Pp] loaded on titanium dioxide in the anatase phase (TiO2) were prepared and used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the photoreduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in aqueous suspensions under UV–Vis light irradiation. TiO2 impregnated with copper(II) porphyrin [TiO2@Cu(II)Pp] was the most effective in photocatalyst reduction of toxic chromate Cr(VI) to non-toxic chromium Cr(III). We further evaluated an experimental design with the scope of fast optimization of the process conditions related to the use of TiO2 or TiO2-porphyrin based photocatalysts. A full factorial design as a chemometric tool was successfully employed for screening the affecting factors involved in photoconversion catalysis, with the modification of TiO2 both with porphyrin H2Pp and Cu(II)Pp. The studied experimental factors were the catalyst amount, the concentration of Cr(VI) ions, and the pH of the medium. The performed multivariate approach was successfully used for fast fitting and better evaluation of significant factors affecting the experimental responses, with the advantage of reducing the number of available experiments. Thus, the stability of the optimized TiO2 embedded Cu(II)Pp was investigated, confirming the high reproducibility and suitability for environmental purposes.
Keywords: titanium dioxide; catalyst; porphyrin; photocatalytical reduction; Cr(VI) ions; experimental design titanium dioxide; catalyst; porphyrin; photocatalytical reduction; Cr(VI) ions; experimental design

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pennetta, A.; Di Masi, S.; Piras, F.; Lü, X.; Li, J.; De Benedetto, G.E.; Mele, G. TiO2@lipophilic Porphyrin Composites: New Insights into Tuning the Photoreduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in Aqueous Phase. J. Compos. Sci. 2020, 4, 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs4020082

AMA Style

Pennetta A, Di Masi S, Piras F, Lü X, Li J, De Benedetto GE, Mele G. TiO2@lipophilic Porphyrin Composites: New Insights into Tuning the Photoreduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in Aqueous Phase. Journal of Composites Science. 2020; 4(2):82. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs4020082

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pennetta, Antonio, Sabrina Di Masi, Federica Piras, Xiangfei Lü, Jun Li, Giuseppe Edigio De Benedetto, and Giuseppe Mele. 2020. "TiO2@lipophilic Porphyrin Composites: New Insights into Tuning the Photoreduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in Aqueous Phase" Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 2: 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs4020082

APA Style

Pennetta, A., Di Masi, S., Piras, F., Lü, X., Li, J., De Benedetto, G. E., & Mele, G. (2020). TiO2@lipophilic Porphyrin Composites: New Insights into Tuning the Photoreduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in Aqueous Phase. Journal of Composites Science, 4(2), 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs4020082

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