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J. Compos. Sci.
Volume 10
Issue 5
10.3390/jcs10050266
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Article

Development and Performance of a Combination of Hydroxyapatite with a Collagen Membrane for Tissue Regeneration

by
Victor Hugo Viera de Oliveira Araujo
1,
Igor da Silva Brum
2,*,
Carlos Nelson Elias
3,
Lucio Frigo
4,
Ana Lucia Rosa do Nascimento
1,
Mario José dos Santos Pereira
1,
Bianca Torres Ciambarella
1,
Marco Antônio Alencar de Carvalho
2 and
Jorge José de Carvalho
1
1
Laboratory of Ultrastructure and Tissue Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Unversidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
2
Department of Implantology, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, 157, 28 de Setembro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
3
Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Tiburcio 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
4
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculdade de Odontologia da Associação Paulista de Cirurgiões Dentistas, Voluntários da Patria 457, São Paulo 02011-000, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Compos. Sci. 2026, 10(5), 266; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs10050266
Submission received: 27 February 2026 / Revised: 2 May 2026 / Accepted: 7 May 2026 / Published: 14 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Biocomposites)
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Abstract

In medicine and dentistry, bone-loss treatment often uses hydroxyapatite combined with collagen membranes. The biocompatibility of these biomaterials depends on their composition and physical/mechanical properties. In this study, a graft composed of synthetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (Blue Bone®) and a bovine type I collagen membrane (Green Membrane Perio®) was developed compared with commercial Bio-Oss® graft and Mucograft® membrane. The materials were characterized by roughness, wettability, tensile testing, DSC, SEM, and TEM. In vivo, temporoparietal bone defects were created in 40 Wistar rats divided into five groups (n = 8): sham (no biomaterial); Bio-Oss®; Bio-Oss® + Mucograft®; Blue-Bone®; and Blue-Bone® + Green Membrane Perio®. Immunohistochemistry showed Green Membrane Perio® was made of thin, well-organized type I collagen fibers and was free of contaminants. Immunohistochemistry, histology, and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that Blue Bone® and Green Membrane Perio® were biocompatible and supported tissue regeneration. The Blue Bone® groups demonstrated higher collagen content than the Bio-Oss® + Mucograft® group. Quantitative and qualitative outcomes included morphological, thermal, mechanical, and surface property measurements, as well as cellular compatibility testing. The results showed comparable wettability and surface roughness, adequate membrane tensile strength, osteoconductive nanoparticle morphology, no adverse inflammatory reactions, and similar new bone formation metrics compared with controls. In conclusion, the combination of synthetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (Blue Bone®) and a bovine type I collagen membrane (Green Membrane Perio®) showed good performance when compared to established products and was considered safe and biocompatible for bone repair applications.
Keywords: biomaterials; membrane; biocompatibility; bone; collagen type 1 biomaterials; membrane; biocompatibility; bone; collagen type 1

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MDPI and ACS Style

Araujo, V.H.V.d.O.; Brum, I.d.S.; Elias, C.N.; Frigo, L.; do Nascimento, A.L.R.; Pereira, M.J.d.S.; Ciambarella, B.T.; de Carvalho, M.A.A.; Carvalho, J.J.d. Development and Performance of a Combination of Hydroxyapatite with a Collagen Membrane for Tissue Regeneration. J. Compos. Sci. 2026, 10, 266. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs10050266

AMA Style

Araujo VHVdO, Brum IdS, Elias CN, Frigo L, do Nascimento ALR, Pereira MJdS, Ciambarella BT, de Carvalho MAA, Carvalho JJd. Development and Performance of a Combination of Hydroxyapatite with a Collagen Membrane for Tissue Regeneration. Journal of Composites Science. 2026; 10(5):266. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs10050266

Chicago/Turabian Style

Araujo, Victor Hugo Viera de Oliveira, Igor da Silva Brum, Carlos Nelson Elias, Lucio Frigo, Ana Lucia Rosa do Nascimento, Mario José dos Santos Pereira, Bianca Torres Ciambarella, Marco Antônio Alencar de Carvalho, and Jorge José de Carvalho. 2026. "Development and Performance of a Combination of Hydroxyapatite with a Collagen Membrane for Tissue Regeneration" Journal of Composites Science 10, no. 5: 266. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs10050266

APA Style

Araujo, V. H. V. d. O., Brum, I. d. S., Elias, C. N., Frigo, L., do Nascimento, A. L. R., Pereira, M. J. d. S., Ciambarella, B. T., de Carvalho, M. A. A., & Carvalho, J. J. d. (2026). Development and Performance of a Combination of Hydroxyapatite with a Collagen Membrane for Tissue Regeneration. Journal of Composites Science, 10(5), 266. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs10050266

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