Beyond Ultrasound: Multimodal Cross-Sectional Imaging for Preoperative Imaging of Parotid Gland Tumors: A Primer for Radiology Trainees
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Benign Parotid Gland Tumors
2.1. Pleomorphic Adenoma
2.2. Warthin Tumor
2.3. Lipoma
2.4. Oncocytoma
2.5. Basal Cell Adenoma
2.6. Facial Nerve Schwannoma
2.7. Benign Lymphoepithelial Lesions
3. Malignant Parotid Tumors
3.1. Mucoepidermoid Carcinomas
3.2. Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
3.3. Acinic Cell Carcinomas
3.4. Salivary Duct Carcinoma
3.5. Polymorphous Adenocarcinomas
3.6. Primary Squamous Cell Carcinomas
3.7. Metastases
3.8. Primary Lymphoma
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Morphology | Margins | Composition | CT Enhancement | MRI Signal | Other Features | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | T2 | DWI | Enhancement | ||||||
Pleomorphic adenoma | Well defined | Lobulated | Solid | Heterogeneous | Low | High | High ADC | Heterogeneous | |
Warthin tumor | Well circumscribed | Regular | Solid, cystic–solid | Heterogeneous | Low | Low | Low ADC | Mild homogenous | Multiple, bilateral |
Oncocytoma | Well defined | Usually lobulated | Predominantly solid | Mildly homogenous | Intermediate | Intermediate | High ADC | Mild homogenous enhancement | Vanishing tumor Non-enhancing curvilinear cleft |
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma Low-grade High-grade | Well circumscribed | Micro-lobulated | Solid | Usually homogenous | Low | High | Usually homogenous | Perineural invasion | |
Ill defined | Irregular | Solid | Heterogeneous | Intermediate–low | Intermediate–low | Low ADC | Heterogeneous | ||
Adenoid cystic carcinoma | Well defined | Smooth | Solid and cystic | Heterogeneous | Low | High | High ADC | Heterogeneous | Perineural invasion |
Acinic cell carcinoma | Ill defined | Irregular | Solid | Low | Low | Low ADC | Heterogeneous | Perineural invasion | |
Squamous cell carcinoma | Ill defined | Irregular | Necrotic | Heterogeneous rim enhancing | Low | High | Low ADC | Heterogeneous peripheral enhancement | Perineural invasion |
Lymphoma | Well circumscribed | Regular | Usually solid | Homogenous | Low | Low–intermediate | Low ADC | Homogenous |
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Mahmoud, E.; Mahdi, E.; Ahsan, H.; Cousins, J.P.; Leiva-Salinas, C.; Nada, A. Beyond Ultrasound: Multimodal Cross-Sectional Imaging for Preoperative Imaging of Parotid Gland Tumors: A Primer for Radiology Trainees. J. Otorhinolaryngol. Hear. Balance Med. 2024, 5, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/ohbm5010001
Mahmoud E, Mahdi E, Ahsan H, Cousins JP, Leiva-Salinas C, Nada A. Beyond Ultrasound: Multimodal Cross-Sectional Imaging for Preoperative Imaging of Parotid Gland Tumors: A Primer for Radiology Trainees. Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine. 2024; 5(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/ohbm5010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahmoud, Esmat, Eman Mahdi, Humera Ahsan, Joseph P. Cousins, Carlos Leiva-Salinas, and Ayman Nada. 2024. "Beyond Ultrasound: Multimodal Cross-Sectional Imaging for Preoperative Imaging of Parotid Gland Tumors: A Primer for Radiology Trainees" Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine 5, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/ohbm5010001
APA StyleMahmoud, E., Mahdi, E., Ahsan, H., Cousins, J. P., Leiva-Salinas, C., & Nada, A. (2024). Beyond Ultrasound: Multimodal Cross-Sectional Imaging for Preoperative Imaging of Parotid Gland Tumors: A Primer for Radiology Trainees. Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine, 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/ohbm5010001